Concept explainers
Interpretation:Whether strong base releases large or small amount of energy by its combination of
Concept introduction:According to Bronsted-Lowry concept, substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by addition of protons to base. Strength of conjugate acids and conjugate bases is inversely related to strengths of their respective bases and acids.
According to Lewis concept, substance that donates electron pair is termed as base while that accepts or gains electron pair is called acid. For example,
According to Arrhenius concept, substances that donate hydrogen ions in solutions are known as acids while bases are substances that release hydroxide ions in solutions.
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Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
- a. Which of the following has a greater electronegativity? (circle one) Carbon / Cesium b. Explain why you chose your answer in Za.arrow_forwardtion 3 of 30 a) Which molecules have polar bonds? H. 1. CH, CH, CH; H,C CH, CH, Cl H.arrow_forward4. Place 8- or &+ signs next to partially negative and partially positive atoms respectively in C-O bond and in C-F bond. Draw the directionality of the dipole arrow in each bond.arrow_forward
- Why this picture is related to covalent bond? (10 sentences)arrow_forwardA. в. с. Figure 4-8 D. СН3 0: сн. H cle 2 СН3 СН3 - н CH2 ва Бе СН3 fo: H Le :CH₂ CH 3 того CH Снзarrow_forward5. a. Write the structure showing lone pairs of electrons and draw all possible resonance structures for para-acetyl phenolate anion of electron pairs converting one resonance contributor to the other (it should be five resonance structures including the initial). O.Use curved arrows to track the movementarrow_forward
- Box 1 and 2. box 2 answer choices: how many pi-bonds: 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4.arrow_forwarda. Draw as many possible resonance structures of the molecule, (show the direction of electron transfer using curved arrows) b. label the major contributor in the resonance (if any) Draw the resonance hybrid. С. ОН CH3 Molecule Aarrow_forwardDraw a curved arrow starting from the t bond of Draw all atoms of the resulting resonance structure C. Show resonance structure B that will form resonance charges and lone pairs. structure C. Select Draw Rings More Erase Select Draw Rings More Erase C C H :0 : I. H Q Q Resonance structure C is a major (more important) resonance structure. minor (less important) resonance structure.arrow_forward
- Is bond formation endothermic or exothermic? Write a + or sign above the arrow in the previousquestion to represent the sign of the energy change associated with the arrow.arrow_forwardAdd a + or above each curved arrow in Figure 4.11 to show the sign of the energy change.arrow_forwardFor NH3 (ammonia) and H2O (water)... a. Use curved arrows to show the most likely acid-base reaction, and draw the resultingproducts. (Hint: First decide which is the stronger acid, and which is the stronger base.) b. Mark each curved arrow with a positive (bond-breaking) or negative (bond-forming) numberindicating the energy change associated with that arrow (in pKa units). c. Calculate Hrxn and write this number above a set of reaction arrows that indicate whichdirection is downhill/favorable (in the example, the reaction is downhill to the right). d. Sketch an energy diagram for the reaction. e. Is your energy diagram consistent with the fact that, in this case, the most likely acid-basereaction is endothermic?arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning