The electron dot structures for ethanol, ethylamine, acetonitrile, and acrylonitrile have to be drawn, molecular geometry around the central atom in these molecules should be determined. Concept introduction: Lewis dot structure: For a given molecule, the bonding concerning the atoms and also the lone pairs can be shown by a diagram. In this structure a single bond is represented by one dot pair and double bond is represented by two dot pairs and so on. VSEPR Theory [Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory]: Geometry of the molecules can be predicted using VSEPR Theory. It is based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom of the molecule. Depending upon the bond pairs and lone pairs, geometries can be classified as linear, bent, pyramidal, and trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral and so on.

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Heat from Acid-Base (Neutralization) Reaction of Vinegar and Baking soda Base + Acid = Salt (general, NOT necessarily table salt) + water + maybe some other by-products Acetic acid + Sodium Bicarbonate = Water + Salt + carbon dioxide CH3COOH(aq) + NaHCO₃(s) = H2O + CH3COO-Na+ + CO2 Instructions: Measure 2 ounces of vinegar using a measuring cup and place it in the coffee-cup calorimeter. Assuming the density of vinegar is the same as water at room temperature: 1.00 g/mL, calculate the mass of the vinegar and record in Table 3. Read the thermometer and record the temperature in Table 3. Weight about 1 gram of baking soda using the weight scale. Record the exact weight of baking soda in Table 3. Put all the weight baking soda in the calorimeter and cover it with the lid right away. Observe the temperature. Swirl your calorimeter for mixing. Observe the temperature. Keep swirling until there is no change in temperature. Record the temperature in Table 3. Repeat the experiment in…

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 41PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electron dot structures for ethanol, ethylamine, acetonitrile, and acrylonitrile have to be drawn, molecular geometry around the central atom in these molecules should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis dot structure: For a given molecule, the bonding concerning the atoms and also the lone pairs can be shown by a diagram.

In this structure a single bond is represented by one dot pair and double bond is represented by two dot pairs and so on.

VSEPR Theory [Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory]:

Geometry of the molecules can be predicted using VSEPR Theory. It is based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom of the molecule. Depending upon the bond pairs and lone pairs, geometries can be classified as linear, bent, pyramidal, and trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral and so on.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced equations for each step in the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be written.

Concept introduction:

For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.

Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal.

Stoichiometric factor is a relationship between reactant and product which is obtained from the balanced chemical equation for a particular reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Atom economy for the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Atom economy: The amount of mass of reactants which is converted into useful products.

Atom economy = mass of atoms in productsmass of atoms in reactants × 100%

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Heat from Acid-Base (Neutralization) Reaction of Vinegar and Baking soda Base + Acid = Salt (general, NOT necessarily table salt) + water + maybe some other by-products Acetic acid + Sodium Bicarbonate = Water + Salt + carbon dioxide CH3COOH(aq) + NaHCO₃(s) = H2O + CH3COO-Na+ + CO2 Instructions: Measure 2 ounces of vinegar using a measuring cup and place it in the coffee-cup calorimeter. Assuming the density of vinegar is the same as water at room temperature: 1.00 g/mL, calculate the mass of the vinegar and record in Table 3. Read the thermometer and record the temperature in Table 3. Weight about 1 gram of baking soda using the weight scale. Record the exact weight of baking soda in Table 3. Put all the weight baking soda in the calorimeter and cover it with the lid right away. Observe the temperature. Swirl your calorimeter for mixing. Observe the temperature. Keep swirling until there is no change in temperature. Record the temperature in Table 3. Repeat the experiment in…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 41PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electron dot structures for ethanol, ethylamine, acetonitrile, and acrylonitrile have to be drawn, molecular geometry around the central atom in these molecules should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis dot structure: For a given molecule, the bonding concerning the atoms and also the lone pairs can be shown by a diagram.

In this structure a single bond is represented by one dot pair and double bond is represented by two dot pairs and so on.

VSEPR Theory [Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory]:

Geometry of the molecules can be predicted using VSEPR Theory. It is based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom of the molecule. Depending upon the bond pairs and lone pairs, geometries can be classified as linear, bent, pyramidal, and trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral and so on.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced equations for each step in the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be written.

Concept introduction:

For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.

Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal.

Stoichiometric factor is a relationship between reactant and product which is obtained from the balanced chemical equation for a particular reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Atom economy for the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Atom economy: The amount of mass of reactants which is converted into useful products.

Atom economy = mass of atoms in productsmass of atoms in reactants × 100%

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 41PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electron dot structures for ethanol, ethylamine, acetonitrile, and acrylonitrile have to be drawn, molecular geometry around the central atom in these molecules should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis dot structure: For a given molecule, the bonding concerning the atoms and also the lone pairs can be shown by a diagram.

In this structure a single bond is represented by one dot pair and double bond is represented by two dot pairs and so on.

VSEPR Theory [Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory]:

Geometry of the molecules can be predicted using VSEPR Theory. It is based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom of the molecule. Depending upon the bond pairs and lone pairs, geometries can be classified as linear, bent, pyramidal, and trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral and so on.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced equations for each step in the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be written.

Concept introduction:

For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.

Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal.

Stoichiometric factor is a relationship between reactant and product which is obtained from the balanced chemical equation for a particular reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Atom economy for the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Atom economy: The amount of mass of reactants which is converted into useful products.

Atom economy = mass of atoms in productsmass of atoms in reactants × 100%

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 41PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electron dot structures for ethanol, ethylamine, acetonitrile, and acrylonitrile have to be drawn, molecular geometry around the central atom in these molecules should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis dot structure: For a given molecule, the bonding concerning the atoms and also the lone pairs can be shown by a diagram.

In this structure a single bond is represented by one dot pair and double bond is represented by two dot pairs and so on.

VSEPR Theory [Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory]:

Geometry of the molecules can be predicted using VSEPR Theory. It is based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom of the molecule. Depending upon the bond pairs and lone pairs, geometries can be classified as linear, bent, pyramidal, and trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral and so on.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced equations for each step in the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be written.

Concept introduction:

For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.

Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal.

Stoichiometric factor is a relationship between reactant and product which is obtained from the balanced chemical equation for a particular reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Atom economy for the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Atom economy: The amount of mass of reactants which is converted into useful products.

Atom economy = mass of atoms in productsmass of atoms in reactants × 100%

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 41PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electron dot structures for ethanol, ethylamine, acetonitrile, and acrylonitrile have to be drawn, molecular geometry around the central atom in these molecules should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis dot structure: For a given molecule, the bonding concerning the atoms and also the lone pairs can be shown by a diagram.

In this structure a single bond is represented by one dot pair and double bond is represented by two dot pairs and so on.

VSEPR Theory [Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory]:

Geometry of the molecules can be predicted using VSEPR Theory. It is based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom of the molecule. Depending upon the bond pairs and lone pairs, geometries can be classified as linear, bent, pyramidal, and trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral and so on.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced equations for each step in the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be written.

Concept introduction:

For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.

Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal.

Stoichiometric factor is a relationship between reactant and product which is obtained from the balanced chemical equation for a particular reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Atom economy for the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Atom economy: The amount of mass of reactants which is converted into useful products.

Atom economy = mass of atoms in productsmass of atoms in reactants × 100%

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 41PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electron dot structures for ethanol, ethylamine, acetonitrile, and acrylonitrile have to be drawn, molecular geometry around the central atom in these molecules should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis dot structure: For a given molecule, the bonding concerning the atoms and also the lone pairs can be shown by a diagram.

In this structure a single bond is represented by one dot pair and double bond is represented by two dot pairs and so on.

VSEPR Theory [Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory]:

Geometry of the molecules can be predicted using VSEPR Theory. It is based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom of the molecule. Depending upon the bond pairs and lone pairs, geometries can be classified as linear, bent, pyramidal, and trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral and so on.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 41PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electron dot structures for ethanol, ethylamine, acetonitrile, and acrylonitrile have to be drawn, molecular geometry around the central atom in these molecules should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Lewis dot structure: For a given molecule, the bonding concerning the atoms and also the lone pairs can be shown by a diagram.

In this structure a single bond is represented by one dot pair and double bond is represented by two dot pairs and so on.

VSEPR Theory [Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory]:

Geometry of the molecules can be predicted using VSEPR Theory. It is based on the number of electron pairs around the central atom of the molecule. Depending upon the bond pairs and lone pairs, geometries can be classified as linear, bent, pyramidal, and trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral and so on.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced equations for each step in the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be written.

Concept introduction:

For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.

Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal.

Stoichiometric factor is a relationship between reactant and product which is obtained from the balanced chemical equation for a particular reaction.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced equations for each step in the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be written.

Concept introduction:

For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.

Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal.

Stoichiometric factor is a relationship between reactant and product which is obtained from the balanced chemical equation for a particular reaction.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Atom economy for the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Atom economy: The amount of mass of reactants which is converted into useful products.

Atom economy = mass of atoms in productsmass of atoms in reactants × 100%

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Atom economy for the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Atom economy: The amount of mass of reactants which is converted into useful products.

Atom economy = mass of atoms in productsmass of atoms in reactants × 100%

Answer 12

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Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 1.1ACP Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 1.2ACP Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 1.3ACP Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 1.4ACP Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 1.5ACP Ch. 20.7 - Assume that a sample of hard water contains 50....Ch. 20.7 - One way to remove the calcium carbonate residue in...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1PS Ch. 20 - Prob. 2PS Ch. 20 - In the discussion on the composition of air,...

Interpretation: Atom economy for the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be determined. Concept introduction: Atom economy: The amount of mass of reactants which is converted into useful products. Atom economy = mass of atoms in productsmass of atoms in reactants × 100%

Chapter 20 Solutions

Interpretation: Atom economy for the synthesis of acetonitrile from ethanol should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Atom economy: The amount of mass of reactants which is converted into useful products.

Atom economy = mass of atoms in productsmass of atoms in reactants × 100%