Use both photos with the following information to solve the questions 72 Applications and Investigations in Earth Science4.5 Earth's Internal TemperatureDescribe the temperature gradient in Earth's interior.Measurements of temperatures in deep wells and mines indicate that Earth's temperaturesincrease with depth The rate of temperature increase is called the geothermal gradient.Although the geothermal gradient varies from place to place, an average rate for a particularregion can be calculated.ACTIVITY 4.5Earth's Internal TemperatureUse Table 4.2, which shows idealized internal temperatures at various depths, to complete the following.Table 4.2 Idealized Internal Temperatures of EarthTEMPERATURE (CELSIUS)DEPTH (KM)025507510012515020⁰600°1000°1250°1400°1525°1600°1. Plot the temperature values from Table 4.2 on thegraph in Figure 4.10. Then draw a line to connect thepoints. Label the line geothermal gradient.2. Referring to the graph, does Earth's internal tem-perature increase at a constant or changing rate withincreasing depth?Earth's internal temperature increases at arate with increasing depth.3. Is the rate of temperature increase from the surfaceto 100 kilometers greater or less than the rate ofincrease below 100 kilometers?The rate of temperature increase is4. Is the temperature at the base of the lithosphere,about 100 kilometers below the surface, approxi-mately 600°C, 1400°C, or 1800°C?°CDepth (km)0102030405060€7080901001101201301401501600°500°1000Temperature (°C)15002000⁰A Figure 4.10 Graph for plotting temperature and meltingpoint curves.4.6 Melting Temperatures of Rocks☐ Explain why the asthenosphere likely consists of very weak material.The approximate melting points of the igneous rocks granite and basalt, under various pres-sures (depths), have been determined in the laboratory and are shown in Table 4.3. Granitethat contains water and basalt were selected because they are common materials in Earth's crust.02019 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 4.3 Idealized Melting Temperatures of Granite (with water) and Basalt atVarious Depths Within EarthBASALT (DRY)GRANITE (WITH WATER)DEPTH (KM)010203040MELTING TEMP.(CELSIUS)950⁰700°660°625°630°DEPTH (KM)02550100150ACTIVITY 4.6Melting Temperatures of RocksExercise Four / Earthquakes and Earth's Interior 73MELTING TEMP.(CELSIUS)1100°1160°1250°1400°1600°1. Plot the melting temperatures for wet granite and dry basalt from Table 4.3 on the graph in Figure 4.10. Draw a lineof a different color for each set of points and label them melting curve for wet granite and melting curve for basalt.Refer to the plots on the graph you completed in Figure 4.10 to complete the following.2. At approximately what depth does wet granite reach its melting temperature and generate magma?km3. Oceanic crust and the underlying rocks to a depth of about 100 kilometers have a basaltic composition. Does themelting curve for basalt indicate that the lithosphere above approximately 100 kilometers has or has not reachedthe melting temperature for basalt? Therefore, at those depths, should basalt be solid or molten?The melting temperaturebeen reached.Basalt should be4. Referring to Figure 4.10, at approximately what depth does basalt reach its melting temperature?km5. Referring to Figure 4.9, what is the name of the layer that begins at a depth of about 100 kilometers and extendsto approximately 600 kilometers?Mastering Geology™6. Does the graph you constructed support or refute the concept of a weak asthenosphere that is capableof "flowing"?Looking for additional review and lab prep materials? Go towww.masteringgeology.com for Pre-Lab Videos, GeoscienceAnimations, RSS Feeds, Key Term Study Tools, The Math YouNeed, an optional Pearson eText, and more.

Question

Use both photos with the following information to solve the questions 72 Applications and Investigations in Earth Science4.5 Earth's Internal TemperatureDescribe the temperature gradient in Earth's interior.Measurements of temperatures in deep wells and mines indicate that Earth's temperaturesincrease with depth The rate of temperature increase is called the geothermal gradient.Although the geothermal gradient varies from place to place, an average rate for a particularregion can be calculated.ACTIVITY 4.5Earth's Internal TemperatureUse Table 4.2, which shows idealized internal temperatures at various depths, to complete the following.Table 4.2 Idealized Internal Temperatures of EarthTEMPERATURE (CELSIUS)DEPTH (KM)025507510012515020⁰600°1000°1250°1400°1525°1600°1. Plot the temperature values from Table 4.2 on thegraph in Figure 4.10. Then draw a line to connect thepoints. Label the line geothermal gradient.2. Referring to the graph, does Earth's internal tem-perature increase at a constant or changing rate withincreasing depth?Earth's internal temperature increases at arate with increasing depth.3. Is the rate of temperature increase from the surfaceto 100 kilometers greater or less than the rate ofincrease below 100 kilometers?The rate of temperature increase is4. Is the temperature at the base of the lithosphere,about 100 kilometers below the surface, approxi-mately 600°C, 1400°C, or 1800°C?°CDepth (km)0102030405060€7080901001101201301401501600°500°1000Temperature (°C)15002000⁰A Figure 4.10 Graph for plotting temperature and meltingpoint curves.4.6 Melting Temperatures of Rocks☐ Explain why the asthenosphere likely consists of very weak material.The approximate melting points of the igneous rocks granite and basalt, under various pres-sures (depths), have been determined in the laboratory and are shown in Table 4.3. Granitethat contains water and basalt were selected because they are common materials in Earth's crust.02019 Pearson Education, Inc. Table 4.3 Idealized Melting Temperatures of Granite (with water) and Basalt atVarious Depths Within EarthBASALT (DRY)GRANITE (WITH WATER)DEPTH (KM)010203040MELTING TEMP.(CELSIUS)950⁰700°660°625°630°DEPTH (KM)02550100150ACTIVITY 4.6Melting Temperatures of RocksExercise Four / Earthquakes and Earth's Interior 73MELTING TEMP.(CELSIUS)1100°1160°1250°1400°1600°1. Plot the melting temperatures for wet granite and dry basalt from Table 4.3 on the graph in Figure 4.10. Draw a lineof a different color for each set of points and label them melting curve for wet granite and melting curve for basalt.Refer to the plots on the graph you completed in Figure 4.10 to complete the following.2. At approximately what depth does wet granite reach its melting temperature and generate magma?km3. Oceanic crust and the underlying rocks to a depth of about 100 kilometers have a basaltic composition. Does themelting curve for basalt indicate that the lithosphere above approximately 100 kilometers has or has not reachedthe melting temperature for basalt? Therefore, at those depths, should basalt be solid or molten?The melting temperaturebeen reached.Basalt should be4. Referring to Figure 4.10, at approximately what depth does basalt reach its melting temperature?km5. Referring to Figure 4.9, what is the name of the layer that begins at a depth of about 100 kilometers and extendsto approximately 600 kilometers?Mastering Geology™6. Does the graph you constructed support or refute the concept of a weak asthenosphere that is capableof &#34;flowing&#34;?Looking for additional review and lab prep materials? Go towww.masteringgeology.com for Pre-Lab Videos, GeoscienceAnimations, RSS Feeds, Key Term Study Tools, The Math YouNeed, an optional Pearson eText, and more.

Accepted Answer

An earthquake is a sudden, strong shaking of the ground that is frequently brought on by tectonic…