Please help construct diagram In order to derive rigorous petrology interpretations from petrographic observations, such as thoseyou have just made on the Gorda Ridge and Clear Lake samples, we must draw on information fromlaboratory experiments to determining the conditions (P, T, X) under which the assemblages of mineral andmelt of interest are stable. Although most phase diagrams you are using in class show the locations of theliquidus, solidus, cotectic, eutectic, and peritectic as volumes, surfaces, curves or points, their determinationactually requires a great number, sometimes hundreds, of experiments that "bracket" the equilibria.Experimental petrologists slave away in the laboratory to create the elegant phase diagrams or road mapsrequired to decipher the petrogenesis of igneous rocks.In what has become a classic study of phase equilibria in the "natural basalt" system, Bender, Hodgesand Bence in 1978 (EPSL, 41, 277-302) conducted a series of melting experiments over a range of pressures(0-1.5 GPa) using a primitive MOR basalt glass from the FAMOUS area recovered from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.The experiments were conducted using either a 1-atm gas-mixing furnace or piston-cylinder apparatus.In a typical melting experiment, the sample is placed within an inert capsule, pressurized, and thenheated to the desired run temperature. The sample is held at elevated T (and P) for a prescribed period oftime (hours, days, even weeks), after which it is rapidly quenched to room T (and P). The rapid quenchingrenders the melt to a glass and prevents re-equilibration of the system to ambient conditions. In essence,what is recovered is the high T and P assemblage of minerals and melt that can now be examined andanalyzed. Below we provided a table of experiment results from the study of Bender et al. (1978) on FAMOUSbasalt glass 527-1-1. The table gives the pressure, temperature, run time and phase assemblage for 54individual melting experiments. Using these data, construct a P-T phase diagram determine the regions of P-T space where unique assemblages exist. It is easiest to define a unique symbol for each unique assemblageand then plot that symbol at the corresponding P and T of the experiment. In the end you will have to separatethe various fields of phase stability from one another by lines that may require interpolation or extrapolate.When you finish constructing your phase diagram, answer the questions below.1. What is the liquidus phase (i.e., first mineral phase to crystallize) at pressures less than 1.1 GPa (11 kb)?What is the liquidus phase at higher pressure (1.1 GPa)?2. What is the highest temperature and pressure at which the assemblage ol+pl + liquid is stable?3. What is the sequence of crystallization during isobaric cooling of the FAMOUS basalt at both 0.3 GPa andat 1.0 GPa?GEL 105: Lab 3-Basalt PetrogenesisExperimental results from Bender et al. (1978) onprimitive FAMOUS basalt glass 527-1-1Pressure Temp (°C) Time @TPhases(kbar)(min.)00000000000000000000466666666128512751270126812651253124512401235123012281218121512081205120011901175115011351200119012901280127012601250124012301220303635752119208912316312213617.5 hr23 hr91 hr17 hr20 hr46 hr2 hr10 days240240606060240135230329240glglgl; olgl; olgl; olgl; olgl; olgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; olgl; olgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; ol; pl; cpxNameExperimental results from Bender et al. (1978)on primitive FAMOUS basalt glass 527-1-1PhasesPressure Temp (⁹C) Time @ T(kbar)(min.)860870888810101010101012121212121212151515151513001290126512601250124013151310130012901275127013501340133013201310130012951350134013301320131018019330515080120639221218060576314518518015014260123180173glgl; olgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; ol; pl; cpx8glgl; olgl; ol; cpxgl; ol; cpxgl; ol; cpxglglgl; cpxgl; cpxgl; cpxgl; cpxgl; cpxgl; cpxgl; cpxgl; cpx9

Question

Please help construct diagram In order to derive rigorous petrology interpretations from petrographic observations, such as thoseyou have just made on the Gorda Ridge and Clear Lake samples, we must draw on information fromlaboratory experiments to determining the conditions (P, T, X) under which the assemblages of mineral andmelt of interest are stable. Although most phase diagrams you are using in class show the locations of theliquidus, solidus, cotectic, eutectic, and peritectic as volumes, surfaces, curves or points, their determinationactually requires a great number, sometimes hundreds, of experiments that &#34;bracket&#34; the equilibria.Experimental petrologists slave away in the laboratory to create the elegant phase diagrams or road mapsrequired to decipher the petrogenesis of igneous rocks.In what has become a classic study of phase equilibria in the &#34;natural basalt&#34; system, Bender, Hodgesand Bence in 1978 (EPSL, 41, 277-302) conducted a series of melting experiments over a range of pressures(0-1.5 GPa) using a primitive MOR basalt glass from the FAMOUS area recovered from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.The experiments were conducted using either a 1-atm gas-mixing furnace or piston-cylinder apparatus.In a typical melting experiment, the sample is placed within an inert capsule, pressurized, and thenheated to the desired run temperature. The sample is held at elevated T (and P) for a prescribed period oftime (hours, days, even weeks), after which it is rapidly quenched to room T (and P). The rapid quenchingrenders the melt to a glass and prevents re-equilibration of the system to ambient conditions. In essence,what is recovered is the high T and P assemblage of minerals and melt that can now be examined andanalyzed. Below we provided a table of experiment results from the study of Bender et al. (1978) on FAMOUSbasalt glass 527-1-1. The table gives the pressure, temperature, run time and phase assemblage for 54individual melting experiments. Using these data, construct a P-T phase diagram determine the regions of P-T space where unique assemblages exist. It is easiest to define a unique symbol for each unique assemblageand then plot that symbol at the corresponding P and T of the experiment. In the end you will have to separatethe various fields of phase stability from one another by lines that may require interpolation or extrapolate.When you finish constructing your phase diagram, answer the questions below.1. What is the liquidus phase (i.e., first mineral phase to crystallize) at pressures less than 1.1 GPa (11 kb)?What is the liquidus phase at higher pressure (>1.1 GPa)?2. What is the highest temperature and pressure at which the assemblage ol+pl + liquid is stable?3. What is the sequence of crystallization during isobaric cooling of the FAMOUS basalt at both 0.3 GPa andat 1.0 GPa?GEL 105: Lab 3-Basalt PetrogenesisExperimental results from Bender et al. (1978) onprimitive FAMOUS basalt glass 527-1-1Pressure Temp (°C) Time @TPhases(kbar)(min.)00000000000000000000466666666128512751270126812651253124512401235123012281218121512081205120011901175115011351200119012901280127012601250124012301220303635752119208912316312213617.5 hr23 hr91 hr17 hr20 hr46 hr2 hr10 days240240606060240135230329240glglgl; olgl; olgl; olgl; olgl; olgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; olgl; olgl; ol; plgl; ol; plgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; ol; pl; cpxNameExperimental results from Bender et al. (1978)on primitive FAMOUS basalt glass 527-1-1PhasesPressure Temp (⁹C) Time @ T(kbar)(min.)860870888810101010101012121212121212151515151513001290126512601250124013151310130012901275127013501340133013201310130012951350134013301320131018019330515080120639221218060576314518518015014260123180173glgl; olgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; ol; pl; cpxgl; ol; pl; cpx8glgl; olgl; ol; cpxgl; ol; cpxgl; ol; cpxglglgl; cpxgl; cpxgl; cpxgl; cpxgl; cpxgl; cpxgl; cpxgl; cpx9

Accepted Answer

Olivine (ol) is most likely the liquidus phase at pressures lower than 1.1 GPa. Depending on the…

in order to derive rigorous petrology interpretations fro