Based on the compound A is 12 molecules. transformation below, the cost of glucose synthesis from two molecules of ATP equivalents and 12 O OH compound A O NADH .0
Q: 3. Below is the structure of a nucleotide triphosphate. of of of O ATP R-O- R-O O R-O O O O O +|| O…
A: Nucleotides are organic molecules that form the basic building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and…
Q: Throughout the semester we have seen that regulation is a key aspect of Biochemistry. It affects all…
A: Biochemical reactions and metabolic pathways are very important to be regulated as it enables the…
Q: ng at the figure above, which statement is true? B. H H H-C-OH HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH CH₂OH =0 HO-C-H…
A: Stereoisomers of sugars are broadly divided into enantiomers and diastereomers. 2 stereoisomeric…
Q: The chromosomal sequences of two mutant alleles of gene A from patients with the zero subtype…
A: DNA is the genetic material. An alteration in the DNA sequence of an organism by the substitution or…
Q: Which two restriction enzymes could be used to cut this DNA sequence?…
A: Restriction enzymes are proteins that recognize specific DNA sequences and cut the DNA at or near…
Q: Question 9 Listen In fruit flies a dominant mutation on the X chromosome causes the eye to be oval…
A: The objective of this question is to determine the percentage of female offspring that will have…
Q: Explain the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors in managing hypertension
A: ACE inhibitors are Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors which are mainly used for the treating…
Q: Draw a Haworth projection of a common cyclic form of this monosaccharide: Н. H н- I НО НО -OH - ОН…
A: Haworth projection is an improvement of cyclic Fischer projection. This represents 3D perspective of…
Q: Determine whether each of the examples or phrases describes an essential amino acid, a nonessential…
A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have an amino group and a carboxyl group linked to the same carbon…
Q: Give the names of both non-polar amino acids shown in the image Complex I is Comples It is I COO- T…
A: There are four types of biological macromolecules: nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and…
Q: Which of the following metal complexes are responsible for the reduction of molecular oxygen? Group…
A: The question is asking us to identify which metal complex is responsible for the reduction of…
Q: Which coenzyme is most often used in dehydrogenation reactions of the type –CH2CH2- = -CH=CH- ? a)…
A: Dehydrogenation reactions are reactions involving the removal of hydrogen atoms from a substrate. A…
Q: The first recombinant human growth hormone (available in 1985) had an extra amino acid (relative to…
A: Human growth hormone (hGH or HGH), commonly referred to as somatotropin or growth hormone (GH), is a…
Q: draw the complete mechanism of lysozyme (SN2) beginning with the disaccharide N-acetyl muramic acid…
A: Lysozyme is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of glycosidic bond between N Acetyl…
Q: Asp-Gly-Lys-Glu-Ile-Phe Draw its full chemical structure as it would exist at pH = 7.0. Draw an…
A: Peptides: Peptides are short chains of amino acids (2 to 50 amino acids), formed by the condensation…
Q: Phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity is altered by changes in the energy state of the cell. Under high…
A: Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is an enzyme of the glycolytic pathway. Glycolysis is a catabolic pathway…
Q: A mixture of proteins with the following properties were purified using cation exchange…
A: Cation exchange chromatography is a technique that separates proteins based on their net surface…
Q: 1- Pain is one of the cardinal sign of inflammation, Give the mechanism behind 1 development of this…
A: The main cause of pain during inflammation is the production of chemical mediators such as…
Q: Say there is an additional electron carrier added to the ETC, hydrogen sulfide. Where would it be in…
A: One of the most important steps in aerobic cellular respiration involves the Electron Transport…
Q: Suppose you have a crude sample of compound X and you attempt to purify it by recrystallization with…
A: Recrystallization is defined as a purification technique which is commonly used in chemistry to…
Q: Hurray! The bacteria did their job and expressed your protein. Now, you need to isolate…
A: The lysis buffer has 225 mM KCl. 225 mM KCl has 225 mmoles of KCl in 1 L i.e. 0.225 moles of KCl in…
Q: Which of the following statements is TRUE of BOTH DNA replication and DNA transcription? During the…
A: DNA replication is the process by which two daughter strands are obtained. Each of the strands…
Q: CH3CO3H
A: The given reaction is a reaction of ketone and per acid. The product of this reaction is an ester.…
Q: The following diagrams illustrate the two aqueous spaces and the inner membrane of a mitochondrion.…
A: Cellular respiration is the process by which cells derive energy (ATP) from the bonds of glucose to…
Q: Part A Consider the proposed mechanism of an acid catalyzed aldol reaction. Mark with the green…
A: Biochemistry is branch of chemistry in which we study about various chemical and biochemical…
Q: From these data, is the energy solely from the H+ concentration gradient sufficient to generate ATP…
A: As mentioned in the previous solution, energy stored in the proton gradient drives ATP synthesis.…
Q: 1. Draw the structure of phosphatidic acid. Circle the polar parts of the molecule and box the…
A: Phosphatidic acid consists of a glycerol backbone, with, in general, a saturated fatty acid bonded…
Q: Antibodies are one of the key elements in the human immune system. a. What is the general structure…
A: A big Y-shaped protein called an antibody (Ab), sometimes referred to as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is…
Q: E3 of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex performs which main function? A) removing a proton from…
A: The objective of the first question is to identify the main function of E3, also known as…
Q: Please draw titration curves for peptide HFDTYA and HEKDGQ, and calculate the pl for each. Use this…
A: Peptides are composed of amino acids. Some amino acids have ionizable side chains while others do…
Q: Which of the following is NOT true of Complex 1? a.) it's a proton pump and it pumps 4H+ into the…
A: Electron transport chain in mitochondria contains 4 protein complexes. They are complex 1 NADH…
Q: js viewer 4. Complete the following table with the appropriate characteristics for each of the 4…
A: There are four biomacromolecules; proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids. All these…
Q: At 37°C, the serine protease subtilisin has keat = 50 s¹ and KM = 1.4 x 10-4 M. It is proposed that…
A: On a Michaelis Menten plot, Km = [S] when vo = vmax/2. Km describes the enzyme's affinity for the…
Q: a) НО b) 1) Name each listed compound (a, b, c, d) below, 2) Arrange them in a right reaction order…
A: The given compounds are from the reaction of glucuronidation.Compound structural names as given…
Q: The investigators examined the behavior of the ATCase enzyme in the presence of CTP, and in the…
A: Enzymes are the proteins that catalyse a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy of the…
Q: Leu-Glu-Glu-Val-Phe-Ser-Gln-Leu-Cys-Thr-His-Val-Glu-Thr-Leu-Lys a) Circle all of the hydrophilic…
A: Answers to a) and b)Hydrophilic amino acid residues are circled and hydrophobic amino acid residues…
Q: You wish to quantify your favourite compound in an experimental solution using spectrophotometry.…
A: Spectrophotometry is a technique to measure the light absorption by a substance. It is classified…
Q: A protein has been sequenced after cleavage of disulfide bonds. The protein is known to contain 3…
A: There are four classes of biological macromolecules: Nucleic acids, Proteins, Lipids and…
Q: Draw the structure of the dipeptide Val-Ile at physiological pH.
A: Val-Ile dipeptide is composed of the amino acids valine (Val) and isoleucine (Ile). Valine is the…
Q: Electron transfer translocates protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the external medium,…
A: The objective of the question is to understand the proton concentration in the mitochondrial matrix…
Q: Electrostatic interactions among amino acid residues on proteins may be damped out by high…
A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group and a…
Q: In order for fatty acids to enter the mitochondria to be catabolized via β-oxidation, they must…
A: The objective of the question is to calculate the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) for the reaction of…
Q: The COVID vaccines made by Pfizer and Moderna both utilize a new technology based on mRNA. d. What…
A: The COVID-19 pandemic has been mostly contained thanks to COVID vaccinations, which offer excellent…
Q: Molnupiravir causes widespread mutations as SARS-CoV-2 replicates its genome because in an RNA…
A: Mutations are sudden changes in the genetic material which can be either DNA or RNA.Molnupiravir is…
Q: The peptide PICKHAPPY has what charge state at PH of 0.1
A: There are 4 classes of biological macromolecules: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and…
Q: What is the difference between range and threshold?
A: In biochemistry, the terms threshold and range are often used , but they have distinct…
Q: acetyl CoA
A: Acetyl CoA is a central metabolite that plays important roles in energy production as well as…
Q: Velocity, activity units/mg protein 51 3 2 0 5 15 20 Aspartate concentration, mM - 10 Control With…
A: Enzymes that are under allosteric control can be categorized into two groups;K-series enzymes :…
Q: What is the net yield of ATP when each of the substrates is completely oxidized to CO₂ by a…
A: We know through electron transport chain cycle ATP is generated from NADH and FADH2 equivalent as…
Q: (4) Can this disaccharide be digested by human beings? What will happen if we don't digest it? How…
A: Carbohydrates are biomolecules that are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates can…
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 5 images
- Using the ActiveModel for phosphofructokinase (Trypanosoma), describe the difference between the APO1, AP02, and holoenzyme conformations.Allosteric Regulation of Ribonucleotide Reductase by ATP and Deoxynucleotides Describe the underlying rationale for the regulatory effects exerted on ribonucleotide reductase by ATP, dATP, dTTP, and dGTP.Using the ActiveModel for aldose reductase, describe the structure of the TIM barrel motif and the structure and location of the active site.
- From the complete oxidation of glucose (glucose → 6CO2), how many total nucleotide triphosphates are yielded (be sure to deduct payback) as part of substrate level phosphorylation?From the complete oxidation of glucose (glucose 6CO2), how many total nucleotide triphosphates are yielded (be sure to deduct payback) as part of substrate level phosphorylation?25. Overall oxidation of glucose can be represented as (2 Points) Glucose + 2ADP + 2GDP + 4 Pi +8NAD+ + 2FAD + 2H2O-----> 6CO2 + 2ATP + 2GTP +8NADH + 6H+ + 2FADH2 Glucose + 4ADP + 2GDP + 4 Pi +8NAP+ + 2FAD + 2H2O-----> 6CO2 + 2ATP +2GTP +8NADH + 6H+ + 2FADH2 Glucose + 2ADP + 2GDP + 4 Pi +8NADP+ + 2FAD + 2H2O-----> 2CO2 + 2ATP + 2GTP +8NADHP + 6H+ + 2FADH2 Glucose + 2ADP + 2GDP + 2 Pi +6NAD+ + 2FAD + 2H2O-----> 6CO2 + 2ATP + 2GTP +6NADH + 6H+ + 2FADH2
- . (a) Explain the biochemical basis for the fact that one can synchro- nize cell populations þy treating them with deoxythymidine. (b) Explain the apparent paradox that dATP at low concentrations is an activator of ribonucleotide reductase, whereas at higher concen- trations it becomes inhibitory.Sketch curves for reaction velocity versus [fructose-6-phosphate] for the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms of PFK-2 in liver.The reaction catalyzed by phosphorylase is readily reversible in vitro. At pH 6.8, the equilibrium ratio of orthophosphate to glucose 1-phosphate is 3.6. The value of ΔG°’ for this reaction is small because a glycosidic bond is replaced by a phosphoryl ester bond that has a nearly equal transfer potential. However, phosphorolysis proceeds far in the direction of glycogen breakdown in vivo. Suggest one means by which the reaction can be made irreversible in vivo.
- Intramitochondrial ATP concentrations are about 5 mM, and phosphate concentration is about 10 mM. If ADP is five times more abundant than AMP, calculate the molar concentrations of ADP and AMP at an energy charge of 0.85. Calculate AG for ATP hydrolysis at 37 °C under these condi- tions. The energy charge is the concentration of ATP plus half the concen- tration of ADP divided by the total adenine nucleotide concentration: [ATP] + 1/2[ADP] [ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]In the first step of the aldolase reaction, an active site Lys229 residue, with its side chain amino group in the deprotonated state, acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl C2 carbon of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to form a Schiff base (boxed in the scheme). Since the pKa of the Lys side chain amino group in free solution is ~10.5, the pKa of Lys229 side chain must have been perturbed to a (higher lower) value for the enzyme to be active at neutral pH. the answer should include sufficient details, including the definition of pKa.Write a balanced equation for the synthesis of TMP from dUMP that is coupled to the conversion of serine into glycine.