(a)
Interpretation:
The given solution has to be classified into hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic relative to red blood cells.
Concept Introduction:
Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.
Hypotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure less than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to burst.
Hypertonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure higher than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to shrink.
Isotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure equal to that in cells. An isotonic solution has no effect on cell size.
(b)
Interpretation:
The given solution has to be classified into hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic relative to red blood cells.
Concept Introduction:
Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.
Hypotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure less than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to burst.
Hypertonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure higher than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to shrink.
Isotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure equal to that in cells. An isotonic solution has no effect on cell size.
(c)
Interpretation:
The given solution has to be classified into hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic relative to red blood cells.
Concept Introduction:
Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.
Hypotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure less than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to burst.
Hypertonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure higher than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to shrink.
Isotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure equal to that in cells. An isotonic solution has no effect on cell size.
(d)
Interpretation:
The given solution has to be classified into hypotonic, isotonic or hypertonic relative to red blood cells.
Concept Introduction:
Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is needed to stop osmosis. Osmotic pressure of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the solution.
Hypotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure less than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to burst.
Hypertonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure higher than that in cells. A hypotonic solution causes cells to shrink.
Isotonic solution is the solution which has an osmotic pressure equal to that in cells. An isotonic solution has no effect on cell size.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- A red blood cell with an intracellular fluid (ICF) concentration of 280 mmol/L, is placed into an environment were the concentration of the extracellular fluid (ECF) is 305 mmol/L. As a result, water will move across the cell/plasma membrane. a) Name the process by which water moves b) Describe the overall direction of movement of the water. Answer choices: (i) From outside the cell to inside the cell (ii) From inside the cell to outside the cell, or (iii) Equally, into and out of the cell iii Explain your reasoning for your answer to part (c). 1In your answer you must describe the environment on both sides of the membrane, and use 3 of the following 4 terms correctly; hypertonic, hypotonic, lower solute concentration, higher solute concentrationn (2pts -Correct use of biological terminology, and correct spelling is essential. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph BIUA ...arrow_forwardDescribe the reason why the red blood cells placed in one solution swell and burst and also why the red blood cells placed in another solution shrink and wrinkle.arrow_forwardMannitol, a carbohydrate, is supplied as a 25% (w/v) solution. This hypertonic solution is given to patients who have sustained a head injury with associated brain swelling. (a) What volume should be given to provide a dose of 70. g? (b) How does the hypertonic mannitol benefi t brain swelling?arrow_forward
- If you made a hematocrit in two tubes. Tube A is made of 0.60M NaCl, and Tube B is made of 1.00M of NaCl, describe how the cell would respond in these solutions? Which would have a higher rate of osmosis? If the cell is permeable to NaCl, which would have a higher rate of diffusion?arrow_forwardthe reason solutions for injection normally contain either 150mm NaCL or 5% dextrose is that these a. are necessary for metabolism b. are hypertonic to the blood and cells c. are isotonic to the blood and cells d. are hypotonic to the blood and cellsarrow_forwardAn osmotic semipermeable membrane that allows only water to pass separates two compartments, A and B. Compartment A contains 0.9% NaCl, and compartment B contains 3% glycerol, C3H8O3. (a) In which compartment will the level of solution rise? (b) Which compartment has the higher osmotic pressure (if either)?arrow_forward
- 1.) Define the following types of solutions and give its effect to cells:a. Hypertonic –b. Hypotonic -c. Isotonic - 2.) What are the most important extracellular and intracellular fluid ions and give the significance of each?arrow_forwardThe tonicity of blood plasma is 0.9% NaCl (equivalent to 99.1% water and 0.9% solutes.) What is the tonicity (express as a %) of red blood cells suspended in that plasma? How would you describe this tonicity (hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic)? Narrow_forwardWhat would happen to a human red blood cell if it were placed in the following solutions? Explain your answer for each scenario. The salt (NaCl) concentration of a human red blood cell is approximately 0.9%. a. 0% NaCl b. 0.9% NaCl c. 10% NaClarrow_forward
- Transport of biomolecules to tissues takes place through capillary walls by both convection and diffusion. Consider an endothelium in which the gaps between the cells are characterized by the following dimensions: L=1 µm long, h=200 nm high, and W=10 nm in width (the last dimension is the distance between the two cells). The fluid is at 37degC and has the same properties as physiologic saline. Let the average pressure in the capillary be 45 mm Hg and let the pressure in the tissue be 0 mm Hg (ignore osmotic effects). Consider a small solute that has a diffusion coefficient of 1x10-5 cm2/s. Does this solute pass across the endothelium by diffusion or is it primarily carried by flow?arrow_forwardYou are a doctor in the emergency room. You have a patient whose blood cells are composed of the following: 80 molecules of glucose, 50 molecules of hemoglobin, 20 molecules of dextrose, and 2000 molecules of water. a. What is the total solute concentration of her cells? b. If you needed to make an isotonic solution of saline for her IV, how many salt molecules would you need to add to 1000 molecules of water? How do you know this is the correctamount?arrow_forwardIf you made a hematocrit in two tubes. Tube A is made of 0.60M NaCl, and Tube B is made of 1.00M of NaCl, describe how the cell would respond in these solutions? Which tube would have a lower hematocrit?arrow_forward