Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 2E
What are Earth’s core and mantle made of? Explain how we know.
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List and describe the different layers inside the Earth? How does the interior of the Earth create magnetic field? 3 paragraph.
Eddies- Describe the many ways that eddies might occur. Understand the distinction between warm-core and cold-core eddies. Learn how eddies contribute to the transfer of water masses and organisms. Understand how eddies may lead to varying patterns of convergence and divergence, which affects ocean production.
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The graph shows the changes in global temperatures over time.
Estimated global temperature over the last 500 million years
equatorial Pangea too
hot for peat swamps
Maa
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23 24 25
Mark this and return
400
350
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millions of years ago
Cretaceous Hot
Greenhouse
world without polar ice caps
Paleocene-
Eocene
Thermal
Maximum
world with polar ice caps
(Courtesy of NASA)
Which of the following hypotheses is supported by the data analysis?
O Earth's temperature has natural cycles throughout history.
Humans have caused all of Earth's temperature changes
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 8 - What is the thickest interior layer of Earth? The...Ch. 8 - What are Earth’s core and mantle made of? Explain...Ch. 8 - Describe the differences among primitive, igneous,...Ch. 8 - Explain briefly how the following phenomena happen...Ch. 8 - What is the source of Earth’s magnetic field?Ch. 8 - Why is the shape of the magnetosphere not...Ch. 8 - Although he did not present a mechanism, what were...Ch. 8 - List the possible interactions between Earth’s...Ch. 8 - List, in order of decreasing altitude, the...Ch. 8 - In which atmospheric layer are almost all...
Ch. 8 - What is, by far, the most abundant component of...Ch. 8 - In which domain of living things do you find...Ch. 8 - Describe three ways in which the presence of life...Ch. 8 - Briefly describe the greenhouse effect.Ch. 8 - How do impacts by comets and asteroids influence...Ch. 8 - Why are there so many impact craters on our...Ch. 8 - Detail some of the anthropogenic changes to...Ch. 8 - If you wanted to live where the chances of a...Ch. 8 - Which type of object would likely cause more...Ch. 8 - If all life were destroyed on Earth by a large...Ch. 8 - Why is a decrease in Earth’s ozone harmful to...Ch. 8 - Why are we concerned about the increases in CO2...Ch. 8 - Do you think scientists should make plans to...Ch. 8 - Europe and North America are moving apart by about...Ch. 8 - Over the entire Earth, there are 60,000 km of...Ch. 8 - With the information from Exercise 8.25, you can...Ch. 8 - What is the volume of new oceanic basalt added to...Ch. 8 - Suppose a major impact that produces a mass...Ch. 8 - How do the risks of dying from the impact of an...Ch. 8 - What fraction of Earth’s volume is taken up by the...Ch. 8 - Approximately what percentage of Earth’s radius is...Ch. 8 - What is the drift rate of the Pacific plate over...Ch. 8 - What is the percent increase of atmospheric CO2 in...Ch. 8 - Estimate the mass of the object that formed Meteor...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which type of seismic wave cannot pass through Earths core? What does that indicate about the composition of the core?arrow_forwardLook at the hemispheres of Earth shown on the two pages of The Active Earth. Name a folded mountain range. Describe the locations of one subduction zone and one midocean rise.arrow_forwardOver the entire Earth, there are 60,000 km of active rift zones, with average separation rates of 5 m/ century. How much area of new ocean crust is created each year over the entire planet? (This area is approximately equal to the amount of ocean crust that is subducted since the total area of the oceans remains about the same.)arrow_forward
- What characteristics must Earths core have to generate a magnetic field?arrow_forwardList the possible interactions between Earth’s crustal plates that can occur at their boundaries.arrow_forwardEarth’s metallic core has about 55% of the planet’s radius. What percentage of Eth’s volume is taken up by the core?arrow_forward
- Hydrothermal vent areas have hydrothermal chimneys, from which hot, mineral-rich water comes out. (This hot water often looks like black smoke, but it's not really smoke, it just has a lot of dark, microscopic mineral grains in it.) Where does this hot water come from? a Ice underneat the seafloor gets melted by volcanic activity, and this extra water comes out of the vents. b It comes directly from the Earth's core, since our core is made of hot, high-pressure water. c It is seawater that went down through cracks, got heated by magma, and rises up to emerge from the seafloor. d Some of the minerals in the Earth's mantle break down and release large volumes of water.arrow_forwardWhat is convection? What effect does it have on (a) Earth's atmosphere and (b) Earth's interior?arrow_forwardWhat is remanent magnetism? How can it be used to track the movement of continents over time?arrow_forward
- Eddies- Explain the different ways that eddies can form. Know the difference betweenwarm- and cold-core eddies. Understand how eddies can result in the transport of watermasses and organisms. Understand how eddies can result in different patterns ofconvergence and divergence, which impacts productivity in the oceans.arrow_forwardCO2 and planetary warming: understanding Earth’s complicated atmosphere Mars has an atmospheric pressure of 6 mbar (compared with Earth atmosphere pressure of 1013 mbar), 96% of which is CO2. The average calculated temperature of Mars is -57°C, whereas the actual average temperature is -55°C so that the amount of warming due to CO2 is only 2°C. On the other hand, the average calculated temperature of Earth, with 0.4 mbar of CO2, is -19°C, whereas the actual average temperature is 15°C so that the amount of warming due to CO2 is 34°C, much greater than that on Mars, which has higher CO2 concentration. Explain how this is possible.arrow_forwardWhat is a boundary layer? What causes a boundary layer to develop?arrow_forward
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