Concepts of Biology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168116
Author: Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 11RQ
The ABO blood groups in humans are expressed as the
a. multiple alleles and incomplete dominance
b. codominance and incomplete dominance
c. incomplete dominance only
d. multiple alleles and codominance
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The ABO blood groups in humans are expressed as the IA, IB, and i alleles. The IA allele encodes the A blood group antigen, IB encodes B, and i encodes O. Both A and B are dominant to O. If a heterozygous blood type A parent (IAi) and a heterozygous blood type B parent (IBi) mate, one quarter of their offspring will have AB blood type (IAIB) in which both antigens are expressed equally. Therefore, ABO blood groups are an example of: a. multiple alleles and incomplete dominance b. codominance and incomplete dominance c. incomplete dominance only d. multiple alleles and codominance
The ABO blood group has three different alleles: F, P, and i. The genotypes and phenotypes (blood types) for different combinations of the three alleles are shown
the table.
Possible Genotype
and Phenotypes of
ABO Blood Group
Phenotypes
Genotypes (Blood types)
AJA or Ai
Type A
Type B
|Туре О
Type AB
B|B or 1Bi
AJB
What percentage of offspring from a cross between a homozygous Type A parent with a heterozygous Type A parent is expected to contain the i allele?
O A 25%
O B. 50%
Ос. 75%
O D. 100%
acer
Consider two blood polymorphisms that humans have in addition to the ABO system. Two alleles LM and LN determine the M, N, and MN blood groups. The dominant allele R of a different gene causes a person to have the Rh+ (rhesus positive) phenotype, whereas the homozygote for r is Rh− (rhesus negative). Two men took a paternity dispute to court, each claiming three children to be his own. The blood groups of the men, the children, and their mother were as follows:From this evidence, can the paternity of the children be established?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Concepts of Biology
Ch. 8 - Figure 8.9 In pea plants, round peas (R) are...Ch. 8 - Figure 8.10 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are...Ch. 8 - Figure 8.16 What ratio of offspring would result...Ch. 8 - Imagine that you are performing a cross involving...Ch. 8 - Imagine that you are performing a cross involving...Ch. 8 - The observable traits expressed by an organism are...Ch. 8 - A recessive trait will be observed in individuals...Ch. 8 - What are the types of gametes that can be produced...Ch. 8 - What is the reason for doing a test cross? a. to...Ch. 8 - If black and white true-breeding mice are mated...
Ch. 8 - The ABO blood groups in humans are expressed as...Ch. 8 - In a cross between a homozygous red-eyed female...Ch. 8 - When a population has a gene with four alleles...Ch. 8 - Describe one of the reasons that made the garden...Ch. 8 - Use a Punnett square to predict the offspring in a...Ch. 8 - Use a Punnett square to predict the offspring in a...Ch. 8 - Can a male be a carrier of red-green color...Ch. 8 - Could an individual with blood type O (genotype...
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- Several genes in humans in addition to the ABO gene(I) give rise to recognizable antigens on the surface ofred blood cells. The MN and Rh genes are two examples. The Rh locus can contain either a positive or anegative allele, with positive being dominant to negative. M and N are codominant alleles of the MN gene.The following chart shows several mothers and theirchildren. For each mother-child pair, choose the fatherof the child from among the males in the right column, assuming one child per male.Mother Child Malesa. O M Rh(pos) B MN Rh(neg) O M Rh(neg)b. B MN Rh(neg) O N Rh(neg) A M Rh(pos)c. O M Rh(pos) A M Rh(neg) O MN Rh(pos)d. AB N Rh(neg) B MN Rh(neg) B MN Rh(pos)arrow_forwardHuman ABO blood type is controlled by the I locus and has three possible alleles. The alleles which code for type A blood (IA) and type B blood (1³) are codominant, while the allele for type O blood (i) is recessive. In a cross between a person with a genotype of lªi and a person with genotype I³i, what is the probability of having three offspring with type 0 blood? O 1/4 O 1/32 O 1/64 O 1/8 O 1/16arrow_forwardA woman who has blood type A positive has a daughter who is type O positive and a son who is type B negative. Rh positive is a trait that shows simple dominance over Rh negative and is designated by the alleles R and r, respectively. A third gene for the MN blood group has co dominant alleles M and N. If both children are of blood type M in addition to their ABO blood type, list all of the possible parental phenotypes for the ABO, MN and Rh traits.arrow_forward
- A man who has type O blood has a child with a woman who has type A blood. The woman's mother has type AB blood and her father, type B. What is the probability that the child has type A blood? O 0% O 75% O 100% 50% O 25%arrow_forwardIn the ABO blood group, type A has three subtypes with an order of dominance shown as A 1> A 2> A 3 What are the genotypes of each subtype? (Make sure the alleles are big and clear enough to show the superscripts.)arrow_forwardIn human blood types, Rh positive is a trait that shows simple dominance over Rh negative. A woman who has blood type A positive has a daughter who is type O positive and a son who is type B negative. Which of the following phenotypes is possible for the father? O negative AB negative A negative B positivearrow_forward
- Blood types in humans are caused by a combination of two of three possible alleles - IA, IB, and i. The i allele is recessive and individuals homozygous for this allele have blood types O. Blood type A may be due to either homozygous condition or the IA i Blood type AB is caused by having a copy of both the IA and IB alleles. Rh factor is another “marker” on human red blood cells and is either positive (dominant—RR or Rr) or negative (recessive—rr). Franks has blood type A-negative. Frank’s father is B-positive and his mother is AB-positive. Frank marries Susan, a woman that is B-positive. Susan’s mother is A-negative and her father is AB-positive. Give the genotype of all of the individuals mentioned above. b. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the possible offspring from this marriagearrow_forwardA group of people are studiedd with made up blood types AZ blood group which is a blood type controlled by a single gene with two loci. Indivuals in this group may be “D” ( = that their homozygous for the “D” allele) “Z” = homozygous for the “z” allele. *DZ= Heterzygous ** Total Number of people with each type 102 people have D type blood 96 have blood type DZ 31 people in this group have type “Z” QUESTION Now please calculate the allele frequencies of “D”and “Z” In doing so use variable “P”= to represent “D” allele And “q”= to represent “Z” allele Calculate the genotype frequencies expected in the population based of the q and p frequencies you calculate. A)frequency of the “Z” allele in the population ________ B)Frequency of the “D” allele in the populations__________ C)A number of expected individuals with the “DD” genotype in the population? __________ D) NUMBER OF EXPECTED INDIVIDUALS WITH THE “ZZ” GENOTYPE IN THE POPULATION?_______ E) A NUMBER OF EXPECTED…arrow_forwardIn humans the ABO blood system is controlled by multiple alleles. Allele Ia produces antigen A, alleles Ib produces antigen B, and allele i produces no antigen. The hierarchy of dominance is Ia = Ib> i. QUESTION Two children are born in a hospital, both in group 0. The nurses confuse the children and now they do not know who the parents are. They call you to solve this situation: With the following information, tell which partner is each child. Explain your answer considering the phenotype and genotype of the parents. Couple 1 - Mr. A heterozygous and Mrs. AB Couple 2 - Mr. A heterozygous and Mrs. B heterozygous.arrow_forward
- A married couple, both with blood type AB are both carriers of the Bombay trait, are about to have a child. What is the probability that it will have each of these blood types? Туре AB A Barrow_forwardIn cardinals, a dominant allele R is required for red feathers (r = colorless). In addition, the dominant allele I (of an unlinked gene. is an inhibitor of color (birds with an I allele are colorless; I overrides the effects of R). If a true breeding red cardinal mates with a colorless female (genotype = r/r; I/I): a) What would be the genotype of the F1 progeny? b) What would be the phenotype of the F1 progeny? c) If the F1 progeny are selfed, what is the expected colorless:red ratio among the progeny?arrow_forwardIn cats, Manx (M) is a dominant allele that results in cats lacking a tail. The recessive allele (m) gives a cat with a tail. (A) Write out the genotype of a heterozygous cat (B) What is the phenotype of the cat in (A)? (C) The cat in (A) has offspring with a cat that has a tail. What fraction of the offspring of that cat will have tails? In peas, round (R) is dominant to wrinkled. (r )You cross a round pea plant to a wrinkled pea plant and half the offspring are round and half the offspring are wrinkled. What are the genotypes of the parents?arrow_forward
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