Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The rate of the reaction between
Concept introduction:
The replacement or substitution of one
The nucleophilic reaction that contains a substrate as well as a nucleophile as the reactants which means a bimolecular nucleophilic reaction is termed as
(b)
Interpretation:
The reactants, the transition state, and the products for the reaction between
Concept introduction:
The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction.
The nucleophilic reaction that contains only a substrate as a reactant and not a nucleophile, which means a unimolecular nucleophilic reaction, is termed as
The nucleophilic reaction that contains a substrate as well as a nucleophile as the reactants, which means a bimolecular nucleophilic reaction, is termed as
(c)
Interpretation:
The different
Concept introduction:
The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction.
The nucleophilic reaction that contains only a substrate as a reactant and not a nucleophile, which means a unimolecular nucleophilic reaction, is termed as
The nucleophilic reaction that contains a substrate as well as a nucleophile as the reactants, which means a bimolecular nucleophilic reaction, is termed as
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Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
- SECTION 6: Show the mechanism of each reactions with arrows and intermediates form as in a. b. C. HBr Br₂ Cl₂, H₂O Br Br CI Br OHarrow_forwardPart IV: 1. Provide the mechanism and product for the reaction shown below. Br -ONal DMF 2. Provide the energy diagram for the reaction shown above. Label enthalpy of the reaction and activation energy.arrow_forward(a) Under certain conditions, the reaction of 0.5 M 1-bromobutane with 1.0 M sodium methoxide forms 1-methoxybutane at arate of 0.05 mol>L per second. What would be the rate if 0.1 M 1-bromobutane and 2.0 M NaOCH3 were used?arrow_forward
- 9. Consider the pair of reactions below to answer the following question(s). КОН a. CH,CH,NH2 CH=CH, heat or КОН CH;CH,OTos CH=CH, heat 1. Which reaction above is faster and why? II. Doubling the concentration of potassium hydroxide in these reactions: a. causes the reaction mechanism to change b. halves the rate of reaction C. has no effect on the rate of reaction d. doubles the rate of reaction IL The mechanism for these reactionsis: a. SN2 b. E2 C. SN1 d. E1 b.arrow_forwardThe rate of reaction was determined at a temperature of 30°C. If the temperature was increased to 50°C, how much faster is this reaction rate? a. double b. triple c. quadruple d. 8x as fastarrow_forwardThe following is a nucleophilic substitution reaction of S-3-chloro-2-methylhexane with "CN. The experimental rate law for this reaction is Rate k [S-3-chloro-2-methylhexane] CH3 H;C. C. C H. CH3 CEN H2 H. The mechanism for this reaction is SN1 Draw the orgamic molecule(s) which is(are) formed in this reaction. Do not include molecules like H,O or HCl. Draw the specific configuration (R or S) at any chiral carbons within your product(s). If both configurations are formed in the product(s), draw both as separate molecules/products.arrow_forward
- Draw the energy diagram of the following reaction (label and draw reactants, intermediates, and products). Label transition state of the rate limiting step and draw the transition state of the rate determining step. Is it a concerted or stepwise reaction? Write the rate law for this reaction. How do we increase the reaction rate? If we use deutrium-tert-butyl bromide such as (CD3)3CBr instead of (CH3)3CBr, will it increase or decrease the reaction rate? Or there is no meaningful rate change. Write reasons for your answer. Draw mechanisms for reactions by drawing arrows and intermediates.arrow_forwardWrite the mechanism for the reaction shown. H2 2 .N. `N' IZarrow_forwardDoubling the concentration of potassium hydroxide in Question # 24 causes: C'a. The reaction rate to be cut in half C b. The reaction rate to double C c. No effect on reaction rate C d. The reaction mechanism to change КОН CH,CH2NH2 - CH=CH, heat КОН b. CH,CH,OTOS CH=CH2 heat a.arrow_forward
- 7. The reaction of methoxide anion with bromoethane to yield the ether ethyl methyl ether and the bromide anon (Br-) is an excellent example of a general reaction type called Sy2 (substitution nucleophilic bimolecular): CH,0+ CH,СH-Br a CH3-0-CH,СH; + Br- a. Change in enthalpy is -103 kJ/mol; the change in entropy is + 0.025 kJ/mol-K. Calculate DG at 300K. b. Is the reaction endergonic or exergonic? c. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? d. Use curved arrows to show the complete mechanism. Reaction of 2-methyl-1-butene with H-Cl could yield TWO alkyl chloride products. Draw and name 8. them.arrow_forwardThe conversion of acetyl chloride to methyl acetate occurs via the following two-step mechanism: a.Add curved arrows to show the movement of the electrons in each step. b.Write the rate equation for this reaction, assuming the first step is ratedetermining. c.If the concentration of −OCH3 were increased 10 times, what would happen to the rate of the reaction? d.If the concentrations of both CH3COCl and −OCH3 were increased 10 times, what would happen to the rate of the reaction? e.Classify the conversion of acetyl chloride to methyl acetate as an addition, elimination, or substitution.arrow_forward8) Write the mechanism of the following reaction? 1. NABH4 2. H20 OHarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning