Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 48.1, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The partial pressure of the oxygen in the air that is inhaled, at sea level, at 10 m underwater, and at 2,000 m above the sea level (atmospheric pressure is 80% that of the sea level).
Introduction:
The partial pressure of the gas is defined as the part of the volume occupied by that particular gas in the mixture of the gases. In the atmosphere, the oxygen occupies 21% of the total gases present in the atmosphere.
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Using the full and simplified versions of the alveolar gas equation, determine the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli for an oxygen partial pressure of 160 mm Hg in the alveoli, a total pressure of 810 mm Hg, a partial pressure of oxygen in the surrounding air of 204 mm Hg, and a respiratory exchange ratio of 0.8. And provide one reason why this equation is essential for clinicians in a hospital setting. In your answer, comment on calculation/computation compared to accurately measure this value inside an individual alveoli.
The atmospheric pressure on the top of Mt. Everest, an altitude of 29,035 ft, is only 259.9 mm Hg. What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs at this altitude (assuming that the % O2 is the same as in dry air, 20.88%)? Report the pressure to the tenths of a mm Hg without units.
Given: Under normal circumstances the partial pressure of oxygen in air is approximately 160 mmHg. Let’s assume in the alveoli it drops to 100 mmHg when a person breaths 12x per minute. At the end of a 1-mile sprint a person is breathing 60x per minute, but, due to the decrease in the amount of time each breath spends in the lungs, the oxygen partial pressure is only drops to 140 mmHg before exhalation.
a. How much has the amount of oxygen diffused through the alveoli increased or decreased?
(Answer part a )
Chapter 48 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- How many moles of air are in the lungs of an average person with a total lung capacity of 3.8 L? Assume that the person is at 1.0 atm pressure and has a normal body temperature of 37 °C.arrow_forwardA patient receiving control-mode continuous mandatory ventilation has the following ABG on an FiO2 of 0.5: pH = 7.23; PCO2 = 61 mm Hg; HCO3– = 26 mm Hg. The current minute ventilation (VE) is 9.2 L/min. What new VE would you recommend? a. a) 10.6 L/minb) 14.0 L/minc) 12.4 L/mind) 5.8 L/minarrow_forwardHelium gas is maintained at a partial pressure in alveolar gas of PHe,alv= 10 mmHg. Blood flow through the lungs is 5 L/min, the permeability surface area of the alveolar blood-gas barrier is PHe,M S= 100 mL/s, and Bunsen solubility coefficients for He in blood and barrier are a*He,blood= 0.008 mL He/(mL blood* atm) and a*He,M= 0.08 mL He/(ml blood* atm), respectively. Helium is not present in the inlet blood. Find the He flow across the microvascular barrier of the lung. Compare this with the maximum helium exchange for very high flow rates (diffusion limited). Compare the result in part (a) with the He flow when the permeability is very high (flow- limited).arrow_forward
- Using the data from the table below, calculate Total Lung Capacity and Total Pulmonary Ventilation. Include the correct units. Tidal Volume 0.5 L Inspiratory Reserve Volume 3.0 L Expiratory Reserve Volume 1.1 L Residual Volume 1.2 L Ventilation Rate 13 breaths/minarrow_forwardA sample of nitrogen gas occupies a volume of 2.00 L at 756 mm Hg and 0.00° C. Thevolume increases by 2.00 L and the temperature decreases to 137 K. What is the finalpressure exerted on the gas?arrow_forwardUsing the regional barometric pressure info. below, and being careful to consider the vapor pressure in saturated alveolar air, calculate the alveolar oxygen pressure (PAO₂) (mmHg) for the following location: . Salt Lake City, UT= 4,226 ft. (1,288 m)→ 657 mmHg O 90 mmHg O 16 mmHg O 137.5 mmHg O 81 mmHgarrow_forward
- Using the information below, calculate the Oxygen Diffusion Driving Force (mmHg), which is the pressure gradient that drives O₂ out of the alveoli and into the blood (calculated as PAO₂- PVO₂): Barometric Pressure at Salt Lake City, UT= 4,226 ft. (1,288 m)→→ 657 mmHg . Estimated mixed-venous PO2 of blood returning to the lungs after leaving the muscle (PvO₂) at rest, measured at Salt Lake City, UT: PvO2 = 36 mmHg O 90 mmHg O 54 mmHg O 36 mmHg O 29 mmHgarrow_forwardThe human lungs can function satisfactorily up to a limit where the pressure difference between the outside and inside of the lungs is 1/19 of an atmosphere. If a diver uses a snorkel for breathing, how far below the water can she swim? Assume the diver is in saltwater its density is 1047 kg/m. Atmospheric pressure is Pata-1.01x10 Pa and g=9.8 m/s?.arrow_forwardGiven the following values: ERV=1700mL ERV+TAV= 2200 mL VC= 3000 mL 1) Calculate TAV and IRV. 2) If they have a breathing rate of 14 breaths/min, what is their minute ventilation? 3) If they have the normal dead space ventilation of 150 mL, what is their alveolar ventilation? (show dead space volume as part of the calculation). 4) If they start exercising and increase their breath volume to 1600 mL with 25 breaths per minute, what is their alveolar ventilation now?arrow_forward
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