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Using a simple particle-in-a-box model for the multiple bonding in 1,2-butadiene (see Example 4.7) and the
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Principles of Modern Chemistry
- 2) The ionization energy of potassium is 4.34 eV; the electron affinity of iodine is 3.06 eV. At what separation distance will the KI molecule gain enough Coulomb energy to overcome the energy needed to form the K+ and I ions?arrow_forwardIn the octatetraene (C8H10) molecule, a π electron is from the top filled level. What should be the length of the electromagnetic wave required to excite to the lowest null level? The length of the molecule can be taken as 9.5 Å. .the experimental value you found is λ4.5 =3020 Å. Discuss whether the particle-in-a-box problem is a good approximation by comparing it to the following problem..arrow_forwardFor each of the statements below, indicate whether it is true or false and explain your reasoning. (1 sentence ) 1/ It takes more energy to ionize an electron from the 2s orbital than an electron from the 2p orbital in the Li2+ ion. 2/ The electron affinity of the Ne atom is larger than the electron affinity of the F atom. 3/ K* has a larger radius than Ar. 4/ For a diatomic molecule, in which the internuclear axis is the z-axis, the 3dz? orbital cannot mix with the 2px orbital. 5/ The internuclear distance of O2 increases as it takes an additional electron to become O2".arrow_forward
- Which of the following transitions between terms are allowed in the electronic emission spectrum of a many-electron atom: (i) 3D2 → 3P1, (ii) 3P2 → 1S0, (iii) 3F4 → 3D3?arrow_forward2. Electrons in molecules can be found in orbitals that extend over more than one atom. Consider one electron that is confined in a molecular orbital that extends over 8 adjacent carbon atoms. The electron can move freely between the 8 atoms. a) Using the one-dimensional particle-in-the-box model, calculate the energy required to promote an electron from the n = 2 to the n = 5 level. The length of the box is determined by the C-C bond distance, which is 139 pm.Note: The following information may or may not be useful. ?? = ?2ℎ28???2 Planck's constant = 6.626 x 10-34 J·s; Mass of Electron = 9.109 x 10-28 g; Rydberg constant = 1.097 x 107 m-1; Speed of Light = 2.998 x 108 m·s-1 b) What frequency of light would cause this excitation?c) Now imagine a straight chain of 2000 carbon atoms. Assume that the orbital extends over the entire chain and repeat the calculation for the required energy to promote an electron from the n = 2 to n = 5 level. d) Would you expect…arrow_forward5. (a) Use the hydrogen-like model z2 (in eV) En --13.6 to calculate the total energy of the three electrons of lithium (Li), which has the electron configuration: 1s? 2s'. The three ionization energies for Li(g) are: IE, = 5.392 ev; IE2 = 75.64 eV; IE = 122.5 ev. With the help of Koopman's theorem, what is the total energy of ropulsion between lithium's three electrons (in kJ mol')?arrow_forward
- Give the ground-state electron configurations of (i) XeF, (ii) PN, and (iii) SO−.arrow_forwardThe nucleus of a boron-11 atom has a spin (s) quantum number of 3/2. Calculate the magnitude of the spin vector as well as the possible values it can take for the z-component of the spin vector? Is boron-11 a boson or fermion?arrow_forwardWrite the complete ground-state electron configuration of Pb²⁺, Pb⁴⁺, Ru³⁺. For multi-digit superscripts or coefficients, use each number in succession. Using: 1 2 3 4 5 6 s p d f ☐¹ ☐² ☐³ ☐⁴ ☐⁵ ☐⁶ ☐⁷ ☐⁸ ☐⁹ ☐⁰arrow_forward
- The pi electrons in an eight-carbon polyene (CH2=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH2) can be modeled as a one-dimensional particle in a box of length 1nm. a. What are the values of the quantum number n for the highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) energy level based on the number of pi electrons in this molecule? HOMO n= LUMO n= b. Predict the wavelength of light that would be absorbed in order to induce an electronic transition between the HOMO-LUMO gap. In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum would this transition fall? ΔΕ = λ =arrow_forwardYou have the excited states of He with the configuration 2p1 3p1, in which the two electrons have different principal quantum numbers. The electrons are coupled by a Russell-Saunders spin-orbit coupling term in the Hamiltonian, § ' Ľ · S, where § ' is a positive constant. 1. What are the possible term symbols for the energy eigenstate states associated with this He configuration? Show your work.arrow_forwardUsing photoelectron spectroscopy, the ionization energy of the least tightly bound valence electron on P was determined to be 10.5 eV. Calculate the Zeffective for this electron.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning