Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 39.2, Problem 1SB
Summary Introduction

To review:

The mechanism that ensures that the conduction of an electrical impulse in a neuron occurs in one direction from the cell body toward the axon.

Introduction:

The neurons transmit electrical impulses in the form of the action potential. The electrical impulses are generated due to the difference in the charges between the inner and the outer parts of the plasma membrane. Upon exposure to a stimulus, the neurons open their sodium ion channels that depolarize the plasma membrane and generate an electrical wave. The wave travels along the length of the neuron and is transmitted in the dendrites of the next neuron.

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Why does an action potential move in an all-or-nothing fashion down the length of an axon without stopping?
When an impulse arrives at the synapse, the synaptic vesicles open and release neurotransmitters into the cleft within a thousandth of a second. Within another ten thousandth of a second, these molecules have diffused across the cleft and bound to receptor sites in the effector cell. In what two ways is transmission across a synapse terminated so that the neuron’s signal is concluded?
Which of the following is the role of axonal Calcium (Ca2+) channels in neuronal communication at the synapse? a) they inhibit the action potential causing it to stop b) Calcium channels have no role in this process c) by allowing calcium to exit the cell, they promote the propagation of action potential across the synapse by creating depolarization d) by blocking calcium entrance, they mediate the contraction of presynaptic axon to facilitate movement e) when they open, calcium enters the presynaptic terminal, promoting fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with presynaptic membrane, and release of neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleft
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