The correct definition of the codon should be determined. Concept Introduction: Protein synthesis (translation) is a process of generating new protein sequences inside the cell. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. This process is balanced by the degradation or export of cellular proteins. It is constituted of three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 31, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The correct definition of the codon should be determined.

Concept Introduction: Protein synthesis (translation) is a process of generating new protein sequences inside the cell. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. This process is balanced by the degradation or export of cellular proteins. It is constituted of three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer: Option (c), three nucleotides encode an amino acid.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (c) is three nucleotides encode an amino acid. A codon is a set of three nucleotides, that codes for an amino acid. An amino acid can have more than one codon. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (a) is an alternative name for a gene. A codon is not an alternative name of the gene. It is a set of three nucleotides that encode an amino acid. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is three amino acids that encode a nucleotide. Amino acids do not encode nucleotide, but three nucleotides (a codon) encode an amino acid. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is one of the three nucleotides that encode an amino acid. The group of all the three nucleotides encoding an amino acid is termed as the codon. Hence, this option is incorrect.

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tRNA enzyme. Any given aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase: a. Attaches the amino acid to the 5′-end '5end of the tRNA b. Always recognizes only one specific tRNA c. Recognizes all tRNA molecules d. Forms an ester linkage between the amino acid and the tRNA

Be sure to answer all parts. Write a possible mRNA sequence that codes for each peptide. a. His-Cys-Tyr-Val-Ser 5¹- b. Phe-Val-Thr-Tyr-Glu 5'- 5'- c. Trp-Phe-Asn-Gln -3' U -3' с Table 26.2 The Genetic Code-Triplets in Messenger RNA First Base (5' end) -3' U UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUL Phe Phe Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu Leu la C UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG Second Base A UAU UAC UAA UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG Ser Ser Ser Ser Pro Pro Pro Pro Tyr 55 Tyr Stop Stop His His Gin Gin G UGU UGC UGA UGG CGU CGC CGA CGG Cys Cys Stop Trp Arg Arg Arg Arg Third Base (3¹ ond) DUAC DU AG с А А

AAAGAGAAAAGAAUA to AAAGAGAAAUGAAUA. Suppose the codon sequence has a single base pair mutation If the old protein sequence was Lys-Glu-Lys-Arg-Ile, what will be the new sequence encoded by the mutant gene? (Use the 3-letter amino acid abbreviations with hyphens and no spaces in between, i.e. Ser-Asn-Tyr-Leu-Pro.) Submit Answer Retry Entire Group No more group attempts remain

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 31, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The correct definition of the codon should be determined.

Concept Introduction: Protein synthesis (translation) is a process of generating new protein sequences inside the cell. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. This process is balanced by the degradation or export of cellular proteins. It is constituted of three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer: Option (c), three nucleotides encode an amino acid.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (c) is three nucleotides encode an amino acid. A codon is a set of three nucleotides, that codes for an amino acid. An amino acid can have more than one codon. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (a) is an alternative name for a gene. A codon is not an alternative name of the gene. It is a set of three nucleotides that encode an amino acid. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is three amino acids that encode a nucleotide. Amino acids do not encode nucleotide, but three nucleotides (a codon) encode an amino acid. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is one of the three nucleotides that encode an amino acid. The group of all the three nucleotides encoding an amino acid is termed as the codon. Hence, this option is incorrect.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 31, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The correct definition of the codon should be determined.

Concept Introduction: Protein synthesis (translation) is a process of generating new protein sequences inside the cell. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. This process is balanced by the degradation or export of cellular proteins. It is constituted of three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer: Option (c), three nucleotides encode an amino acid.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (c) is three nucleotides encode an amino acid. A codon is a set of three nucleotides, that codes for an amino acid. An amino acid can have more than one codon. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (a) is an alternative name for a gene. A codon is not an alternative name of the gene. It is a set of three nucleotides that encode an amino acid. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is three amino acids that encode a nucleotide. Amino acids do not encode nucleotide, but three nucleotides (a codon) encode an amino acid. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is one of the three nucleotides that encode an amino acid. The group of all the three nucleotides encoding an amino acid is termed as the codon. Hence, this option is incorrect.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 31, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The correct definition of the codon should be determined.

Concept Introduction: Protein synthesis (translation) is a process of generating new protein sequences inside the cell. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. This process is balanced by the degradation or export of cellular proteins. It is constituted of three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer: Option (c), three nucleotides encode an amino acid.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (c) is three nucleotides encode an amino acid. A codon is a set of three nucleotides, that codes for an amino acid. An amino acid can have more than one codon. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (a) is an alternative name for a gene. A codon is not an alternative name of the gene. It is a set of three nucleotides that encode an amino acid. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is three amino acids that encode a nucleotide. Amino acids do not encode nucleotide, but three nucleotides (a codon) encode an amino acid. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is one of the three nucleotides that encode an amino acid. The group of all the three nucleotides encoding an amino acid is termed as the codon. Hence, this option is incorrect.

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Answer 5

Chapter 31, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The correct definition of the codon should be determined.

Concept Introduction: Protein synthesis (translation) is a process of generating new protein sequences inside the cell. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. This process is balanced by the degradation or export of cellular proteins. It is constituted of three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer: Option (c), three nucleotides encode an amino acid.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (c) is three nucleotides encode an amino acid. A codon is a set of three nucleotides, that codes for an amino acid. An amino acid can have more than one codon. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (a) is an alternative name for a gene. A codon is not an alternative name of the gene. It is a set of three nucleotides that encode an amino acid. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is three amino acids that encode a nucleotide. Amino acids do not encode nucleotide, but three nucleotides (a codon) encode an amino acid. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is one of the three nucleotides that encode an amino acid. The group of all the three nucleotides encoding an amino acid is termed as the codon. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Answer 6

Chapter 31, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The correct definition of the codon should be determined.

Concept Introduction: Protein synthesis (translation) is a process of generating new protein sequences inside the cell. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. This process is balanced by the degradation or export of cellular proteins. It is constituted of three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer: Option (c), three nucleotides encode an amino acid.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (c) is three nucleotides encode an amino acid. A codon is a set of three nucleotides, that codes for an amino acid. An amino acid can have more than one codon. Hence, this option is correct.

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (a) is an alternative name for a gene. A codon is not an alternative name of the gene. It is a set of three nucleotides that encode an amino acid. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is three amino acids that encode a nucleotide. Amino acids do not encode nucleotide, but three nucleotides (a codon) encode an amino acid. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is one of the three nucleotides that encode an amino acid. The group of all the three nucleotides encoding an amino acid is termed as the codon. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Answer 7

Chapter 31, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The correct definition of the codon should be determined.

Concept Introduction: Protein synthesis (translation) is a process of generating new protein sequences inside the cell. This process takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell. This process is balanced by the degradation or export of cellular proteins. It is constituted of three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

Correct answer: Option (c), three nucleotides encode an amino acid.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Reason for correct option:

Option (c) is three nucleotides encode an amino acid. A codon is a set of three nucleotides, that codes for an amino acid. An amino acid can have more than one codon. Hence, this option is correct.

Answer 12

Conclusion

Reasons for incorrect options:

Option (a) is an alternative name for a gene. A codon is not an alternative name of the gene. It is a set of three nucleotides that encode an amino acid. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (b) is three amino acids that encode a nucleotide. Amino acids do not encode nucleotide, but three nucleotides (a codon) encode an amino acid. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Option (d) is one of the three nucleotides that encode an amino acid. The group of all the three nucleotides encoding an amino acid is termed as the codon. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Answer 13

Ch. 31 - Prob. 1P Ch. 31 - Prob. 2P Ch. 31 - Prob. 3P Ch. 31 - Prob. 4P Ch. 31 - Prob. 5P Ch. 31 - Prob. 6P Ch. 31 - Prob. 7P Ch. 31 - Prob. 8P Ch. 31 - Prob. 9P Ch. 31 - Prob. 10P

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