(a)
Interpretation:
Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s
Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.
Lesser the
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Given reaction is shown below,
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.
Here, acetate anion is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.
(b)
Interpretation:
Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s
Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.
Lesser the
(b)
Explanation of Solution
Given reaction is shown below,
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.
Here, triethylammonium cation is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.
(c)
Interpretation:
Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s
Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.
Lesser the
(c)
Explanation of Solution
Given reaction is shown below,
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.
Here, phenyl acetylene is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the left.
(d)
Interpretation:
Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s
Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.
Lesser the
(d)
Explanation of Solution
Given reaction is shown below,
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.
Here,
(e)
Interpretation:
Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s
Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.
Lesser the
(e)
Explanation of Solution
Given reaction is shown below,
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.
Here, triethylammonium chloride is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the left.
(f)
Interpretation:
Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s
Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.
Lesser the
(f)
Explanation of Solution
Given reaction is shown below,
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.
Here, 1-phenyl-2-propanammonium ion is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.
(g)
Interpretation:
Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s
Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.
Lesser the
(g)
Explanation of Solution
Given reaction is shown below,
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.
Here, amphetamine hydrochloride is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the left.
(h)
Interpretation:
Given acid-base reaction has to be completed and the direction of equilibrium has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base.
If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Mixture of acid and base undergoes equilibrium reaction and it’s
Weak acids are more stable and less reactive, so equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction.
Lesser the
(h)
Explanation of Solution
Given reaction is shown below,
According to the explanations by Bronsted-Lowry, if a species loses a proton then it is an acid whereas if a species receives one proton, then it is base. If a base receives one proton, then the formed species is a conjugate acid whereas an acid lose one proton, then the formed species is a conjugated base.
Weak acid is more stable, equilibrium follows the direction of formation weak acids in a reaction. Long arrow indicates the direction where equilibrium favors.
Here, water is the weaker acid and equilibrium lies towards the right.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- Acid-Base Equilibria Many factors contribute to the acidity of organic compounds. Electronegativity, resonance, induction, hybridization, aromaticity, and atomic size, all play a role. In the following comparisons, you are asked to identify the factor(s) that would be most important to analyze when predicting relative acidity, and then to predict the trend in acidity and pKa values. For each of the following pairs of compounds answer the following two multiple-choice questions. 1. What factor(s) are the most important to consider when predicting the relative acidity of the two compounds? a. Electronegativity of the atom possessing the hydrogen. b. Resonance stabilization of the anionic conjugate base. c. Inductive stabilization of the anionic conjugate base. d. Hybridization of the atom possessing the hydrogen. e. The atomic size of the atom possessing the hydrogen.arrow_forward1a) Consider the reaction AH(+) + H₂O A: + H3O+). For the following named acids: a) draw the structure of the acid, b) give the approximate pKa of the conjugate acid in units of 5, c) give the name of the conjugate base, and d) draw the structure of the conjugate base. p-Toluenesulfonic acid acid Conjugate base Imidazolium cation pka_ pKa iso-Propanol pKa Acetylene pKaarrow_forwardWhich of the following two acids has the stronger conjugate base? Nitrous acid, Ka = 7.1 x 10–4 Phenol, Ka = 1.0 x 10–10 The strength of the conjugate base cannot be obtained from the information given. Nitrous acid, because it has a larger Ka value. Nitrous acid, because it has a smaller Ka value. Phenol, because it has a larger Ka value. Phenol, because it has a smaller Ka value.arrow_forward
- One way to determine the predominant species at equilibrium for an acid-base reaction is to say that the reaction arrow points to the acid with the higher value of pKa. For example,arrow_forwardWrite the bond-line presentation of [(Et)2OH]+ Then, write the bond-line presentation of it's conjugate base.arrow_forwardArrange the given molecules by increasing acidity. Elaborate these in terms of their partial charges and their inductive effects.arrow_forward
- Write down the reaction of ethanoic acid with water and identify the conjugate base.arrow_forwardConjugate base acid 1a. Consider the reaction AH(+) + H₂O →> A:(-) + H3O+). For the following named acids: a) draw the structure of the acid, b) give the approximate pKa of the conjugate acid in units of 5, c) give the name of the conjugate base, and d) draw the structure of the conjugate base. Dimethyl sulfoxide pKa Acrylic Acid pKa Ethyl Acetate pKa Benzamide pKaarrow_forwardBased on their compositions and structures and on conjugateacid–base relationships, select the stronger base in eachof the following pairs: (a) NO3- or NO2-, (b) PO43- or AsO43-,(c) HCO3- or CO32-.arrow_forward
- The following table shows the structures of some organic molecules together with their pKa values.Write the ionization reaction, they must take into account the hydrogen that is given off, the hydrogen acid. What is the strongest acid? Propose an explanation to justify the difference in acidity values.arrow_forward2,4-Pentanedione is a considerably stronger acid than is acetone (Chapter 19). Write a structural formula for the conjugate base of each acid and account for the greater stability of the conjugate base from 2,4-pentanedione.arrow_forwardConsider the two following nitrophenol structures: OH OH `NO2 NO2 p-nitrophenol m-nitrophenol Predict which will be the stronger acid. (Hint: Consider possible resonance structures analogous to those given in the text for phenol.)arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning