Concept explainers
Introduction:
Inflammation of meninges is known as meningitis which is an example of anatomical syndrome. Several types of microorganisms are responsible for meningitis and all of them produce similar set of symptoms. Bacteria cause serious form of acute meningitis, however, it is believed that it is caused by previous infection with viruses. Different microorganisms cause meningitis in neonates.
Answer to Problem 1MCQ
Correct answer:
Clostridium tetani does not cause meningitis. Therefore, option (d) is correct.
Option (d) is given as “Clostridium tetani”.
Explanation of Solution
Justify reasons for the correct statement:
Tetanus is a neuromuscular disease which is also known as lockjaw. It affects muscles of jaw. It is caused by Clostridium tetani. The causative organism releases tetanospasmin which is a neurotoxin which binds to the target sites which are present on peripheral motor neurons.
Hence, option (d) is correct.
Justify reasons for the incorrect statements:
Option (a) is given as “Haemophilus influenzae”.
Haemophilus influenza causes one of the most severe form of meningitis. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (b) is given as “Streptococcus pneumoniae”.
Majority of the bacterial pneumonia are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. This bacterium also causes pneumococcal meningitis. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Option (c) is given as “Neisseria meningitidis”.
Neisseria meningitidis is also known as meningococcus and is associated with epidemic forms of meningitis. Hence, it is a wrong answer.
Hence, options (a), (b), and (c) are incorrect.
Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis cause different forms of meningitis. However, Clostridium tetani does not cause meningitis. Rather it causes tetanus.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
- The first step in the clinical diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is aGram stain of blood or cerebrospinal fluid. What other bacterialspecies could be mistaken for N. meningitidis at this stage of theidentification process?a. Moraxella catarrhalis b. Staphylococcus epidermidis c. Streptococcus agalactiae d. Enterococcus faecalisarrow_forwardVaccination can provide protection against N. meningitidis, aseventually happened in this case. A vaccination also exists for whatother common cause of meningococcal disease?a. Staphylococcus aureus b. Streptococcus pyogenes c. Streptococcus pneumoniae d. Acinetobacter baumanniiarrow_forwardWhich of the following infections often has/have a polymicrobial cause?a. otitis media b. healthcare-associated c. sinusitis d. all of the above pneumoniaarrow_forward
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- Different strains of Streptococcus pyogenes have different virulence factors, giving these microbes much versatility. Virulence factors include which of the following? Choose one or more: A.A capsule that, when thick, will help the organism avoid phagocytosis by macrophages B.A cell wall containing lipoteichoic acid, thought to facilitate adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells C.Enzymes that lyse blood cells (streptolysins) D.The production of several endotoxins called streptococcal pyogenic endotoxins (SPEs)arrow_forwardFour of the five answers listed below are usually considered pathogenic. Select the exception. a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis b. Clostridium botulinum c. Thermus aquaticus d. Bacillus anthracis e. Borrelia burgdorferiarrow_forwardwhich of the following antibiotics is not bactericidal? a. vancomycin b.polymyxin b c. penicillin d. cephalosporins e. tetracyclinearrow_forward
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