Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The molecular structure of the given ion containing multiple bonds by using VSEPR theory is to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
VSEPR theory is an important model that is frequently used in chemistry to decide the shape and geometry of the molecules. VSEPR model is the extension of Lewis model as the Lewis model is not able to explain the shape of the molecules. In terms of electron density it is given that both the bonding electrons as well as lone pair of electrons holds the shape of the molecule.
The shape in VSEPR model gives specific angles between the bonds for the corresponding shape and these angles are known as bond angles.
(b)
Interpretation:
The molecular structure of the given molecule containing multiple bonds by using VSEPR theory is to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
VSEPR theory is an important model that is frequently used in chemistry to decide the shape and geometry of the molecules. VSEPR model is the extension of Lewis model as the Lewis model is not able to explain the shape of the molecules. In terms of electron density it is given that both the bonding electrons as well as lone pair of electrons holds the shape of the molecule.
The shape in VSEPR model gives specific angles between the bonds for the corresponding shape and these angles are known as bond angles.
(c)
Interpretation:
The molecular structure of the given ion containing multiple bonds by using VSEPR theory is to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
VSEPR theory is an important model that is frequently used in chemistry to decide the shape and geometry of the molecules. VSEPR model is the extension of Lewis model as the Lewis model is not able to explain the shape of the molecules. In terms of electron density it is given that both the bonding electrons as well as lone pair of electrons holds the shape of the molecule.
The shape in VSEPR model gives specific angles between the bonds for the corresponding shape and these angles are known as bond angles.
(d)
Interpretation:
The molecular structure of the given molecule containing multiple bonds by using VSEPR theory is to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
VSEPR theory is an important model that is frequently used in chemistry to decide the shape and geometry of the molecules. VSEPR model is the extension of Lewis model as the Lewis model is not able to explain the shape of the molecules. In terms of electron density it is given that both the bonding electrons as well as lone pair of electrons holds the shape of the molecule.
The shape in VSEPR model gives specific angles between the bonds for the corresponding shape and these angles are known as bond angles.
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Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
- Lewis structures can be used to understand why some molecules react in certain ways. Write the Lewis structures for the reactants and products in the reactions described below. a. Nitrogen dioxide dimerizes to produce dinitrogen tetroxide. b. Boron trihydride accepts a pair of electrons from ammonia, forming BH3NH3. Give a possible explanation for why these two reactions occur.arrow_forward7.50 Chemical species are said to be isoelectronic if they have the same Lewis structure (regardless of charge). Consider these ions and write a Lewis structure for a neutral molecule that is isoelectronic with each of them, (a) CN , (b) NH4+ . (c) CO32arrow_forwardThe most common exceptions to the octet rule are compounds or ions with central atoms having more than eight electrons around them. PF5, SF4, CIF3, and Br3 are examples of this type of exception. Draw the Lewis structure for these compounds or ions. Which elements, when they have to, can have more than eight electrons around them? How is this rationalized?arrow_forward
- Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardG. N. Lewis developed a model for chemical bonding that you have learned in this chapter. His theory was extremely successful and is used today at all levels of chemistry, from the introductory class to the research laboratory. Why was Lewis theory so successful?arrow_forwardDescribe the molecular structure around the indicated atom or atoms: (a) the sulfur atom in sulfuric acid, H2SO4[(HO)2SO2] (b) the chlorine atom in chloric acid, HClO3[HOClO2] (c) the oxygen atom in hydrogen peroxide, HNO3[HONO2] (d) the nitrogen atom in nitric acid, HNO3[HONO2] (e) the oxygen atom in the OH group in nitric acid, HNO3[HONO2] (f) the central oxygen atom in the ozone molecule, O3 (g) each of the carbon atoms in propyne, CH3CCH (h) the carbon atom in Freon, CCl2F2 (i) each of the carbon atoms in aliene, H2CCH2arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is false concerning bonding? Elements with extremely different electronegativities tend to form ionic bonds with each other. In an N—O bond. electron density is greater near the O atom. An N—O bond is an example of a polar covalent band. In general, chemical bonds form to minimize energy. The bond in KBr is formed by sharing electrons.arrow_forwardConsider the following Lewis structure where E is an unknown element: What are some possible identities for element E? Predict the molecular structure (including bond angles) for this ion. (See Exercises 115 and 116.)arrow_forwardDistinguish between the terms electronegativity versus electron affinity, covalent bond versus ionic bond, and pure covalent bond versus polar covalent bond. Characterize the types of bonds in terms of electronegativity difference. Energetically, why do ionic and covalcnt bonds form?arrow_forward
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