Chapter 1, Problem 35E

a.

To determine

Identify whether the given data are part of experimental or observational study.

Explanation of Solution

Observational study:

Observational study is the one where researchers observe the effect of diagnostic test or treatment without trying to modify the subjects that are or are not exposed it.

The data are collected as part of an observational study.

b.

To determine

Identify the most common dog and cat names.

Explanation of Solution

From the given visualization plot, the most common dog name is Lucy and the most common cat name is Luna as the proportions of those names are high when compared to other names.

c.

To determine

Identify the most common cat names than dogs.

Explanation of Solution

From the given visualization plot, the most common cat names are Oliver and Lily when compared to dogs.

d.

To determine

Identify the direction of relationship between the two variables and explain them.

Explanation of Solution

From the given visualization plot, the relationship between the two variables ‘proportion of dogs’ and ‘proportion of cats’ are positive.

It means that “As the popularity of a name for dogs increases, the popularity of names for cats also increases”.