(a) Interpretation: The shapes of the resulting bonding and anti-bonding 2 p molecular orbitals are to be shown. Concept introduction: The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital. The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond .

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.45AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shapes of the resulting bonding and anti-bonding 2p molecular orbitals are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The total number of nodes in the given molecular orbitals is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbital interaction diagram for head-to head oriented molecular orbital formation is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The validation corresponding to the fact that whether the resulting bond is σ bond or not if two electrons occupy the bonding molecular orbital is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

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The molecular orbitals depicted below are derived from 2p atomic orbitals in F₂⁺. (a) Give the orbital designations. (b) Which is occupied by at least one electron in F₂⁺? (c) Which is occupied by only one electron in F₂⁺?

7. Nitrogen is the central atom in each of the species given. (a) Draw the Lewis electron-dot structure for each of the species. + NO₂ NO₂ NO₂ (b) List the species in order of increasing bond angle. Justify your answer. (c) For NO₂ and NO₂, give the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in it. (d) Identify the only one of the species that dimerizes and explain what causes it to do so.

Use valence bond theory to explain the bonding in F2, HF, and ClBr. (a) F2 This molecule is symmetrical. The single bond present in this molecule is derived from the overlap of two (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3d, 3p, 4s, 4d, 4p) orbitals contributed by each of the F atoms. (b) HF This molecule is asymmetrical. The single bond present in this molecule is derived from the overlap of one (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3d, 3p, 4s, 4d, 4p) orbital contributed by the H atom and one (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3d, 3p, 4s, 4d, 4p) orbital contributed by the F atom. (c) ClBr This molecule is also asymmetrical. The single bond present in this molecule is derived from the overlap of one (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3d, 3p, 4s, 4d, 4p) orbital contributed by the Cl atom and one (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3d, 3p, 4s, 4d, 4p) orbital contributed by the Br atom. Sketch the overlap of the atomic orbitals involved in the bonds.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.45AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shapes of the resulting bonding and anti-bonding 2p molecular orbitals are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The total number of nodes in the given molecular orbitals is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbital interaction diagram for head-to head oriented molecular orbital formation is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The validation corresponding to the fact that whether the resulting bond is σ bond or not if two electrons occupy the bonding molecular orbital is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.45AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shapes of the resulting bonding and anti-bonding 2p molecular orbitals are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The total number of nodes in the given molecular orbitals is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbital interaction diagram for head-to head oriented molecular orbital formation is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The validation corresponding to the fact that whether the resulting bond is σ bond or not if two electrons occupy the bonding molecular orbital is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.45AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shapes of the resulting bonding and anti-bonding 2p molecular orbitals are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The total number of nodes in the given molecular orbitals is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbital interaction diagram for head-to head oriented molecular orbital formation is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The validation corresponding to the fact that whether the resulting bond is σ bond or not if two electrons occupy the bonding molecular orbital is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

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Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 1.45AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shapes of the resulting bonding and anti-bonding 2p molecular orbitals are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The total number of nodes in the given molecular orbitals is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbital interaction diagram for head-to head oriented molecular orbital formation is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The validation corresponding to the fact that whether the resulting bond is σ bond or not if two electrons occupy the bonding molecular orbital is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 1.45AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shapes of the resulting bonding and anti-bonding 2p molecular orbitals are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 1.45AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The shapes of the resulting bonding and anti-bonding 2p molecular orbitals are to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The total number of nodes in the given molecular orbitals is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The total number of nodes in the given molecular orbitals is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbital interaction diagram for head-to head oriented molecular orbital formation is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbital interaction diagram for head-to head oriented molecular orbital formation is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The validation corresponding to the fact that whether the resulting bond is σ bond or not if two electrons occupy the bonding molecular orbital is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The validation corresponding to the fact that whether the resulting bond is σ bond or not if two electrons occupy the bonding molecular orbital is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) states that two atomic orbitals combine together to form a new orbital which is known as bonding molecular orbital.

The molecular orbital theory also states that two atoms combines together to form a molecule. During the formation of a molecule, the electrons are shared between two atoms to form a chemical bond.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.2P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.3P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.4P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.5P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.6P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.7P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.8P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.9P Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how the resulting bonding and anti-bonding 2p molecular orbitals are oriented head-to-head.

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