Please draw out mechanism The formation of fructose 1, 6- biphophste from dihydroxyacetome phospahte (DHAP) and Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate (GAP) catalyzed by alsolase.
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Please draw out mechanism The formation of fructose 1, 6- biphophste from dihydroxyacetome phospahte (DHAP) and Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate (GAP) catalyzed by alsolase.
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- phosphofructokinase reaction of Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is a regulator of both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis for the glycolysis and the fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase reaction of gluconeogenesis. In turn, the concentration of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is regulated by many hormones, second messengers, and enzymes. Classify each condition according to its effect on glycolysis and gluconeogenesis Activates glycolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis Activates gluconeogenesis and inhibits glycolysis Answer Bank activation of PFK-2 increased glucagon levels increased levels of cAMP increased levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-2)phosphofructokinase reaction of Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is a regulator of both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis for the glycolysis and the fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase reaction of gluconeogenesis. In turn, the concentration of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is regulated by many hormones, second messengers, and enzymes. Classify each condition according to its effect on glycolysis and gluconeogenesis Activates glycolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis activation of PFK-2 increased levels of cAMP Activates gluconeogenesis and inhibits glycolysis increased levels of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase-2) increased glucagon levelsEnolase catalyzes the reversible reaction shown below. Draw the detailed mechanism for the reaction that occurs in gluconeogenesis, namely the reaction of phosphoenolpyruvate to form 2-phosphoglycerate (the reverse direction in the reaction below).
- Describe the roles of dUTPase, thymidylate synthase, and dihydrofolate reductase in the synthesis of dTMP.Propose a mechanism for the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate into fructose 6- phosphate by phosphoglucose isomerase based on the mechanism of triose phosphate isomerase.When the identical subunits of chicken liver fatty acid synthase are dissociated in vitro, all of the activities can be detected in the separated subunits except for the β-ketoacyl synthase reaction and the overall synthesis of palmitate. Explain these observations.
- The mitochondrial form of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase is allosterically activated by N-acetylglutamate. Briefly describe a rationale for this effect.Briefly explain the malate-aspartate shuttle. Distinguish between this shuttle with the glycerol -phosphate shuttle based upon their transport of reducing equivalents and their potential for ATP synthesis.The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase has an unfavourable equilibrium constant (K'eq= 0.08; G′° = 6.3 kJ/mol), yet the flow at this point in the glycolytic pathway is smooth. How does the cell get out of the unfavourable equilibrium?
- Compare and contrast Pyruvate Dehydrogenase with a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenaseOutline the mechanisms of both enzymes. Discuss the functions of the coenzymes. List the similarities and the differences between the 2 enzymes. Both are very large membrane bound complexes. What are the advantages of this strategy?How detailed is the enzyme structure known below(It's Pyruvate Dehydrogenase )? What insight(s) does this structural detail give you about the enzyme mechanism.In the first stage of glycolysis, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate iscleaved to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The latter molecule can then be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Illustrate themechanisms whereby these reactions occurThe oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate, catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate dehydrogenase, proceeds with an unfavorable equilibrium constant ( K'eq= 0.08; ΔG′° = 6.3 kJ/mol), yet the flow through this point in the glycolytic pathway proceeds smoothly. How does the cell overcome the unfavorable equilibrium?