Explain in detail how you would separate benozic acid from phenol, using either lithium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and any acid? Specify which compound would be what layer whenever a reagent is added. Please indicate how you would recover the native form of any compound that was converted during extraction. LOH OH Phenol Benozic acid pka =~4.0 pka = 10
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- Because phenol (C6H5OH) is less acidic than a carboxylic acid, it can be deprotonated by NaOH but not by the weaker base NaHCO3. Using this information, write out an extraction sequence that can be used to separate C6H5OH, benzoic acid, and cyclohexanol. Show what compound is present in each layer at each stage of the process, and if it is present in its neutral or ionic form.Write the esterification reaction of acetic acid with isopentyl alcohol to form isopentyl acetate and acetic acid. What is the theortical yield of isopentyl acetate and which one is the liniting reagent? Moles of acetic anhydride= 0.023mol Volume of acetic anhydride= 2.2ml Molar mass of acetic anhydride= 102.09g/mol Volume of isopentyl acetate = 2ml Molar mass of isopentyl acetate = 88.148g/mol Density of isopentyl acetate = 0.81g/mL Mass of isopentyl acetate (Actual yield)= 1.887gWrite an equation for the acid-base reaction between 2,4-pentanedione and sodium eth- oxide and calculate its equilibrium constant, K. The pK, of 2,4-pentanedione is 9; that of ethanol is 15.9. CH,CCHÖCH, + CH,CH,O Na* H 2,4-Pentanedione Sodium ethoxide
- Write the Ky reactions for pyridine, for sodium 2-mercaptoethanol, and for cyanide. H+ binds to S in sodium 2-mercaptoethanol and to C in cyanide. (Hint: Spectator ions, which do not react in solution, appear on both sides of the reaction and can be removed.) N: HOCH.CHS: Na+ CN Pyridine Sodium 2-mercaptoethanol Cyanide Refer to the Ka values below for their conjugate acids. Which of the three bases shown above is the strongest? NH HOCH.CH.SH HCN Pyridinium ion K. = 6.3 x 10-6 2-Mercaptoethanol K. = 1.9 X 10-10 Hydrogen cyanide K = 6.2 x 10-10For the reaction shown below, 582 mg of 4-chlorophenol, 798 mg of benzyl bromide, and excess sodium hydroxide are used to obtain 847 mg of 4-chlorophenyl benzyl ether. What is the percent yield of 4-chlorophenyl benzyl ether? 4-chlorophenol MW = 129 g/mol; benzyl bromide MW = 171 g/mol; sodium hydroxide MW = 40.0 g/mol; 4-chlorophenyl benzyl ether MW = 219 g/molWhen equivalent amounts of methyl bromide and sodium iodide are dissolved in methanol, the concentration of iodide ion quickly decreases and then slowly returns to its original concentration. Account for this observation.
- Some alcohols undergo rearrangement or other unwanted side reactions when they dehydrate in acid. Alcohols may be dehydrated under mildly basic conditions using phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) in pyridine. The alcohol reacts with phosphorus oxychloride much like it reacts with tosyl chloride, displacing a chloride ion from phosphorus to give an alkyl dichlorophosphate ester. The dichlorophosphate group is an outstanding leaving group. Pyridine reacts as a base with the dichlorophosphate ester to give an E2 elimination. Propose a mechanism for the dehydration of cyclohexanol by POCl3 in pyridine.Give the reagents, the number of equivalents, and the by-products required to give the specific products in good yield.In the workup of the grignard reaction of turning bromobenzene to benzoic acid, we start by mixing the grignard with HCl and diethyl ether. We discard the aqueous layer and wash the organic layer with water. Then, the organic layer is extracted with NaOH. Then, the extracts are heated to remove ether. Then, it is precipitated with HCl. Precipitate collected. Let it dry and finally, purified with toluene and hexanes. Please make a flowchart of the process of this workup indicating what products and byproducts are forming. And what compounds are in the aqueous layer and organic layer in the steps.
- In the lab for the synthesis of methyl m-nitrobenzoate from methyl benzoate using HNO3 and H2SO4 via EAS, the product is recrystallized to remove impurities using 95% ethanol. Would o-nitrobenzoate and methyl p-nitrobenzoate be considered impurities? If that is so, how come ethanol can remove o-nitrobenzoate and methyl p-nitrobenzoate, but has no effect on m-nitrobenzoate? Thank you.How could you separate a mixture of ethanol, 1-pentanol and 1-octanol. Discuss the steps in your procedure.1. Arrange the test samples in order of increasing acidity? Explain briefly. -Ethanoic acid, Butanoic acid, Benzoic acid, Salicylic acid 2. Arrange the test samples in order of increasing reactivity with sodium bicarbonate? Explain briefly -Ethanoic acid, Butanoic acid, Benzoic acid 3. Arrange the test samples in order of increasing solubility in water? Explain briefly. -Ethylamine, Diethylamine, Aniline 4. Arrange the test samples in order of increasing basicity? Explain briefly. -NaOH, Ethylamine, Aniline