Defense of an area where important resources for survival are located is termed appeasement. kinesis. passive behavior. aggression behavior territorial behavior. Choose the true statement about innate behaviors from the list: Innate behaviors tend to vary considerably among members of a population. Innate behaviors occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not in mammals. Innate behaviors are expressed in most individuals in a population across a wide range of environmental conditions. Genes have very little influence on the expression of innate behaviors. Innate behaviors are limited to invertebrate animals. In different species, there are sometimes very sensitive periods in their lives when a particular behavior or skill needs to be learned. This is called classical conditioning. altruism. fixed action behavior. imprinting.

Defense of an area where important resources for survival are located is termed appeasement. kinesis. passive behavior. aggression behavior territorial behavior. Choose the true statement about innate behaviors from the list: Innate behaviors tend to vary considerably among members of a population. Innate behaviors occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not in mammals. Innate behaviors are expressed in most individuals in a population across a wide range of environmental conditions. Genes have very little influence on the expression of innate behaviors. Innate behaviors are limited to invertebrate animals. In different species, there are sometimes very sensitive periods in their lives when a particular behavior or skill needs to be learned. This is called classical conditioning. altruism. fixed action behavior. imprinting.

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter39: Animal Behavior

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14SA

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Some insects, when attacked, will release a chemical that will cause other members of their species to become aggressive or fly. These chemicals are called pheromones. hormones. enzymes. toxins A scientist is researching behavior in a certain species of bird. The scientist realizes that by providing a certain stimulus only during a specific stage in early life will cause the baby birds to think he is their mother. This behavior by the baby birds is called innate imprinting. fixed action behavior. social learning Which of the following statements is (are) true of fixed action patterns? They are highly stereotyped, instinctive behaviors. They are triggered by sign stimuli in the environment and, once begun, are continued to completion. An inappropriate stimulus can sometimes trigger them. A and B only A, B, and C
A Gelada baboon gives a warning cry that a predator is approaching so other members of its population could run away. This behavior is an example of innate behavior. survival of the fittest. altruistic behavior. dominant hierarchical behavior. imprinted behavior. A stickleback fish will attack a fish model as long as the model has red coloring. What term best applies to this behavior? Fixed Action Pattern habituation imprinting associative learning problem solving Which of the following is least related to the others? fighting over a mate territorial behavior Dominance heirarchy cognitive maps agonistic behavior
Which of the following is LEAST consistent with how behavior tends to evolve? Changes to underlying neural mechanisms, such as neurotransmitter receptors that affect motivation, can result in major changes in behavioral phenotypes Tweaks to the developmental process, such as play or learning, can cause evolutionary divergence in behavior Changes in the properties of sensory receptors can shift preferences and choices Variation in the gene for a given behavior results in population divergence Why are there biases in learning processes? The initial neural structure underlying learning may not allow every possible learned association Some cues are more likely than others to be associated with particular things, which has shaped the evolution of neural networks that represent the world Reducing the range of possible things a brain can learn can be one way to reduce the costs of learning All of the above
During mating season, males of certain species will perform displays of aggression toward other males when approached while they are courting a female. This type of behavior is an example of altruistic behavior agonistic behavior fixed action pattern polygamous behavior predatory behavior The capacity to make changes in behavior on the basis of experience is known as a fixed action. learning. habituation. conditioning. Which of the following statements is not true concerning the optimal foraging theory? forager tries to maximize the energy gained forager tries to minimize the energy expended forager secures essential nutrients forager tries to minimize the risk of getting eaten while gathering food forager contributes to the growth of its population by gathering food
Hamilton's Rule describes the relationship between cost and relationship in the evolution of altruistic behavior. Which of the following do not support Hamilton's rule: In colonies of Naked Mole Rates, only one female is reproductive. Cattle egrets sometimes kill their siblings. Wood mouse sperm will sacrifice themselves to assist a "sibling" sperm to fertilize an egg. O A Prairie Dog trills in response to an oncoming predator and is more likely to be eaten because it exhibits this behavior.
Japanese macaques, or "snow monkeys," dipping yams into seawater is an example of observational learning. a survival mechanism to get enough dietary sodium. imprinting. behavior resulting from a genetic change.
Consider the following argument: Altruistic behavior in groups of related individuals is most likely driven by kin selection since related individuals would share DNA. Which of the following pieces of evidence would be most likely to weaken this argument? Data showing that only distantly related individuals are most likely to perform altruistic behaviors in order to protect each other Data showing that food gifts are given more common among family members than between unrelated individuals in a group Data showing that individuals that share a higher percentage of DNA in a group tend to show the most altruistic behavior between themselves Data showing that the more frequent an allele of a gene occurs in a population, the more likely that population performs altruistic behaviors
The idea that behavior must be either innate or learned has been called a “nature versus nurture” controversy. What reasons are there for believing that such a strict dichotomy does not exist?
Cooperative behaviour is widely found among animals. Provide the following: 1) an example of cooperative behaviour between genetically related individuals 2) an example of cooperative behaviour between unrelated individuals. For each of the examples, also describe the mechanism(s) involved in maintaining cooperative behaviours during their interactions.
How much of our behavior is determined by our genes versus the environment? Provide two examples of why or why not.What do you think are the pros and cons for an individual if they believe genes determine their behaviors? What are the pros and cons for individuals if they believe nature determines their behaviors? What do you think are the implications for society if we put a lot of weight on nature or nurture?
Explain from the standpoint of relatedness, that there is no reason to think that either bonobo society or chimpanzee society is a better model for human behavior.
Describe and give an example of a dominance hierarchy. What role does it play in social behavior? Give a human parallel, and describe its role in human society. Are the two roles similar? Why or why not? Repeat this exercise for territorial behavior in humans and in another animal.

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		appeasement.
		kinesis.
		passive behavior.
		aggression behavior
		territorial behavior.

		Innate behaviors tend to vary considerably among members of a population.
		Innate behaviors occur in invertebrates and some vertebrates but not in mammals.
		Innate behaviors are expressed in most individuals in a population across a wide range of environmental conditions.
		Genes have very little influence on the expression of innate behaviors.
		Innate behaviors are limited to invertebrate animals.

		classical conditioning.
		altruism.
		fixed action behavior.
		imprinting.