Complementary strands in DNA double are defined by: a. jonic interactions O b. H bonds O c. С. hydrophobic interactions
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- QUESTION 21 Choose each of the characteristic(s) of all RNA polymerases from the list below. A. elongation adds new ribonucleotides to the 3-OH B. requires a primer to initiate synthesis C. have 3' to 5' exonuclease activity D. adds nucleotides based on sequence complementarity to a template E. have 5' to 3' polymerase activity O F. elongation adds new ribonucleotides to the 2'-OH G. have 3' to 5' polymerase activityQuestion 59 FLAG QUESTION Answers A-E When comparing the mode of action of benzopyrene with ethidium bromide, one sees that both have a flat and hydrophobic structure. Both will enter the double helix of DNA and will be retained, at least in part, by the hydrophobic stacking of the bases. But the most important difference is: A Only Ethidium will color the DNA B Benzopyrene forms a covalent bond with DNA C Only Benzopyrene will form tumors D Ethidium makes DNA resist UV light) E There is a specific enzyme that removes Ethidium from DNA ● 0 O *** 0Question 8 Electrophoresis in agarose gel |A The DNA will migrate to the negative elec- trode due to the presence of phosphate groups. B For a given DNA molecule, the higher the percentage in G/C pairs, the less the DNA will migrate. C The migration speed depends on the agarose percentage. D] The migration of an undigested, circular plasmid DNA will depend solely on its number of base pairs. E If the migration buffer is at physiological pH (7.4), the DNA will not migrate.
- Question 2. From mouse nerve cells you isolate the mouse Tau-gene-containing DNA fragment and hybridize it to the mRNA encoding Tau from the cytoplasm of the same cells. Describe what you see when you look at the molecules under the electron microscope. A. A double-stranded DNA-RNA hybrid with complete overlap of all the sequences. B. A partially double stranded DNA-RNA hybrid molecule containing regions of DNA-RNA overlap representing the mRNA exons, loops where there are introns and tails at the 5' and 3' ends. C. A partially double-stranded molecule containing regions of DNA-RNA overlap representing the mRNA introns, loops where there are introns and tails at the 5' and 3' ends. D. Regions of DNA-RNA overlap representing the mRNA exons and loops where there are introns with no tails at the 5' or 3' ends. E. Two distinct molecules with no overlapping regions. Multiple ChoiceQuestion 5 Review Figure 21.6 types of DNA sequences in the human genome. The lowest percentage of human genome O repetitive DNA related to transposable elements and related sequences (L1 sequences and Alu elements) O repetitive DNA unrelated to transposable elements (simple sequence and large-segment duplications O unique noncoding DNA O introns O exons O regulatory sequencesQuestion 17 Nucleotides contain all of the following except O a 5-carbon sugar. O histones. O a phosphate group. O a nitrogen base. otx PRINECOMA3_..pptx MacBook Air F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 @ 2$ & * 3 8. W E T Y S D H J V M. * 00 B
- Question 7: Peptide nucleic acids (PNAS) exhibit greater stability as heteroduplexes with DNA (ie PNA-DNA duplex) than does double-stranded DNA (i.e. DNA-DNA duplex). However, peptide nucleic acids lack charged groups, making them largely insoluble under near-physiological conditions in aqueous buffer. Provide (1) an explanation for the increased stability of PNA-DNA duplexes (hint: consider intermolecular forces). (2) Additionally, propose modification(s) of the PNA scaffold DNA that could increase solubility without drastically reducing duplex stability. PNA R1 HN но. Base Base o=P-O NH Base Base 8 o=P-O- NH 8. Base Base НО NHQuestion 39 The graphic below shows Taq polymerase extending the primer upon a strand of DNA. What is a possible resulting sequence of the complementary strand after the reaction is finished assuming adequate amounts of all normal nucleotides and some ddGTP? 5' 5' O GATGC O TGCG O ATGC AGATGC с POLYMERASE 3" T G C '5' 3º inQuestion 18 Which of the following activities of DNA pol I is MOST important in proofreading? A) 5' to 3' exonuclease B polymerase activity ligation activity (D) 3' to 5' exonuclease
- Question 5. If all the nucleotide sugar in a DNA molecule have the following conformation, do you think this DNA is in A form, B form, or Z form? Must justify your answer. What do we call this conformation? O. 2' C5 Base 7.0 A 3' P.Question 14 Why are long reads the preferred method to sequence repetitive elements? Select the statement that is FALSE. ◇ If a repetitive region is longer than 300 basepairs (the length of a short read) it's impossible to determine the total length. O Long reads are more likely to span repetitive regions on either side, making it easier to map the repetitive regions. O It's hard to determine where short reads should be placed, as they could map to multiple repetitive regions. O Long reads are less error prone and thus better for sequencing overall. Question 15 Which of the following statements is NOT true about GWAS? When identifying alleles associated with a disease, we compare the frequency of an allele in a control group versus a cash groupQuestion 1. Enzymes, proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) macromolecules. Enzymes are not only speed up the reaction, but also are necessary for DNA repreduction. are important biological a) Compare the process of protein synthesis between eukaryote mRNA and viral RNA b) With the aid of a diagram, draw an adapter molecule that recognizes the codons of mRNA and explain its functions in DNA translation.