4. The diagram below illustrates time dependent O₂ uptake by isolated skeletal muscle mito- chondria under various conditions that affect the rate of respiration. The following abbreviations with arrows indicate when addition of various ingredients is made to the reaction chamber: The vertical, red lines have been added to help delineate time intervals corresponding to addition and metabolic con- version of ADP. Abbreviations: Med addition of 0.3 M sucrose; Pi: addition of 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4; Mw: addition of isolated, intact mitochondria; Pyr + Mal: addition of 0.01 M pyruvate + 0.01 M malate; ADP : addition of adenosine 5'-diphosphate; Oligo/mg: addition of oligomycin/mg protein; FCCP : addition of the uncoupler FCCP. Med Pyr+Mal P₁ 190μM ADP ↓ 20μM 02 T H 190μM ADP I Minute 475μM ADP 2μM FCCP 13μg Oligo/mg -[0₂] = 0 ATP [ATP] = 0 ApH = (pH matrix -pHout) ApH = 0 Start Finish (a) Why is there an increase in the rate of O2 uptake for the first two additions of ADP and why does the rate return to the resting level? (b) Why is a combination of pyruvate and malate added to the mitochondria to support respira- tion rather than pyruvate alone? (c). ) In the row marked ATP in the diagram above, plot the total, relative amount of ATP generated in the mitochondria as a function of time from start to finish, indicating how it changes based on the sequential addition of metabolites, ADP, oligomycin, and the uncoupler FCCP. (d) Similarly, in the row marked ApH = (pHmatrix-pHout) indicate when build-up or annihilation of the proton gradient occurs as an all-or-none phenomenon using the same time scale for the addi- tion B4-
4. The diagram below illustrates time dependent O₂ uptake by isolated skeletal muscle mito- chondria under various conditions that affect the rate of respiration. The following abbreviations with arrows indicate when addition of various ingredients is made to the reaction chamber: The vertical, red lines have been added to help delineate time intervals corresponding to addition and metabolic con- version of ADP. Abbreviations: Med addition of 0.3 M sucrose; Pi: addition of 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4; Mw: addition of isolated, intact mitochondria; Pyr + Mal: addition of 0.01 M pyruvate + 0.01 M malate; ADP : addition of adenosine 5'-diphosphate; Oligo/mg: addition of oligomycin/mg protein; FCCP : addition of the uncoupler FCCP. Med Pyr+Mal P₁ 190μM ADP ↓ 20μM 02 T H 190μM ADP I Minute 475μM ADP 2μM FCCP 13μg Oligo/mg -[0₂] = 0 ATP [ATP] = 0 ApH = (pH matrix -pHout) ApH = 0 Start Finish (a) Why is there an increase in the rate of O2 uptake for the first two additions of ADP and why does the rate return to the resting level? (b) Why is a combination of pyruvate and malate added to the mitochondria to support respira- tion rather than pyruvate alone? (c). ) In the row marked ATP in the diagram above, plot the total, relative amount of ATP generated in the mitochondria as a function of time from start to finish, indicating how it changes based on the sequential addition of metabolites, ADP, oligomycin, and the uncoupler FCCP. (d) Similarly, in the row marked ApH = (pHmatrix-pHout) indicate when build-up or annihilation of the proton gradient occurs as an all-or-none phenomenon using the same time scale for the addi- tion B4-
Biochemistry
9th Edition
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1P
Related questions
Question
![4.
The diagram below illustrates time dependent O₂ uptake by isolated skeletal muscle mito-
chondria under various conditions that affect the rate of respiration. The following abbreviations with
arrows indicate when addition of various ingredients is made to the reaction chamber: The vertical, red
lines have been added to help delineate time intervals corresponding to addition and metabolic con-
version of ADP.
Abbreviations: Med addition of 0.3 M sucrose; Pi: addition of 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4; Mw:
addition of isolated, intact mitochondria; Pyr + Mal: addition of 0.01 M pyruvate + 0.01 M malate; ADP
: addition of adenosine 5'-diphosphate; Oligo/mg: addition of oligomycin/mg protein; FCCP : addition
of the uncoupler FCCP.
Med
Pyr+Mal
P₁
190μM
ADP
↓
20μM 02
T
H
190μM
ADP
I Minute
475μM ADP
2μM FCCP
13μg Oligo/mg
-[0₂] = 0
ATP
[ATP] = 0
ApH =
(pH matrix
-pHout)
ApH = 0
Start
Finish
(a)
Why is there an increase in the rate of O2 uptake for the first two additions of ADP and
why does the rate return to the resting level?
(b) Why is a combination of pyruvate and malate added to the mitochondria to support respira-
tion rather than pyruvate alone?
(c).
) In the row marked ATP in the diagram above, plot the total, relative amount of ATP generated
in the mitochondria as a function of time from start to finish, indicating how it changes based on the
sequential addition of metabolites, ADP, oligomycin, and the uncoupler FCCP.
(d)
Similarly, in the row marked ApH = (pHmatrix-pHout) indicate when build-up or annihilation
of the proton gradient occurs as an all-or-none phenomenon using the same time scale for the addi-
tion
B4-](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F7e3218aa-1b65-42a2-9071-7edb43c3a555%2Fc92e8b7e-bc9d-4081-852a-4cce386f992a%2Fetsbpcq_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:4.
The diagram below illustrates time dependent O₂ uptake by isolated skeletal muscle mito-
chondria under various conditions that affect the rate of respiration. The following abbreviations with
arrows indicate when addition of various ingredients is made to the reaction chamber: The vertical, red
lines have been added to help delineate time intervals corresponding to addition and metabolic con-
version of ADP.
Abbreviations: Med addition of 0.3 M sucrose; Pi: addition of 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4; Mw:
addition of isolated, intact mitochondria; Pyr + Mal: addition of 0.01 M pyruvate + 0.01 M malate; ADP
: addition of adenosine 5'-diphosphate; Oligo/mg: addition of oligomycin/mg protein; FCCP : addition
of the uncoupler FCCP.
Med
Pyr+Mal
P₁
190μM
ADP
↓
20μM 02
T
H
190μM
ADP
I Minute
475μM ADP
2μM FCCP
13μg Oligo/mg
-[0₂] = 0
ATP
[ATP] = 0
ApH =
(pH matrix
-pHout)
ApH = 0
Start
Finish
(a)
Why is there an increase in the rate of O2 uptake for the first two additions of ADP and
why does the rate return to the resting level?
(b) Why is a combination of pyruvate and malate added to the mitochondria to support respira-
tion rather than pyruvate alone?
(c).
) In the row marked ATP in the diagram above, plot the total, relative amount of ATP generated
in the mitochondria as a function of time from start to finish, indicating how it changes based on the
sequential addition of metabolites, ADP, oligomycin, and the uncoupler FCCP.
(d)
Similarly, in the row marked ApH = (pHmatrix-pHout) indicate when build-up or annihilation
of the proton gradient occurs as an all-or-none phenomenon using the same time scale for the addi-
tion
B4-
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