5. Enumerate kidney function tests. Discuss tests to assess Glomerular filtration rate.
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- 1. How would a laboratorian ensure the integrity of the urine specimen? 2. Enumerate and describe the most commonly used preservative solution for urine. 3. Discuss the difference of pre-renal, renal and post-renal Give conditions to which they may be present.1. List at least 5 urine sediment stains used in urinalysis. Provide their action and function for each stains. 2. Enumerate the clinical significance associated with the different abnormal crystals if present in urine.1. Briefly defıne renal clearance (RC). 2. Explain what it means the following; if o RC = GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) RC = 0 o RC GFR
- 1. Specify the type of urine container used in routine urinalysis. 2. In a tabulated form, provide the advantages and disadvantages of some preservatives used in urine determination. 3. Give the following changes that may occur if the urine is left unpreseved in a room temperature.6. Write down kidney function tests. Briefly describe the one that you chose.2. For each of the following urinalysis results, indicate whether you should be concerned or not and why: a. Dark yellow urine that is turbid b. Ammonia-like odor of the urine c. Presence of excessive albumin d. Presence of epithelial cell casts e. pH of 5.5 f. Hematuria
- 13. Define the terms Minor Calyx Renal medulla Ureters Renal ParenchymaIdentify what part of urinary system. 1. The canal through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body. 2. Low pressure capillaries that arise from the efferent arteriole and drains the glomerulus 3. Reclaiming useful substances such as water, glucose, amino acids, and ions from glomerular filtrate. 4. The double-walled cup at the end of a nephron that encloses a glomerulus; probably discovered by Dr. Bowman 5. Movement of substances such as hydrogen and potassium ions and creatinine that move from the blood of the peritubular capillaries through the tubule cells into the filtrate to be eliminated in urine.17. Circle the term that does not belong to the group: • Juxtaglomerular apparatus arteriole Distal convoluted tubule d Glomerulus Afferent S rd anis10 Glomerulus Vasa recta Blood vessels Collecting duct Renal corpuscle Fibrous capsule Perirenal fat Renal fascia erls antetno) Collecting Distal convoluted tubule • Nephron loop duct Proximal convoluted tubule Glomerular capsule Podocytes Nephron loop Glomerulus ebnetadu2
- 1. Discuss the normal characteristics of urine and determine the abnormal conditions. 2. List the organized & unorganized elements in urine which may contribute to renal diseases.6. What is glomerular filtration and what factors effect it11. The glomerulus is located within the A. Renal capsuleB. Renal pelvisC. Renal corpuscleD. Renal tubule 12. The portion of the nephron nearest to the renal corpuscleA. Loop of HenleB. Collecting ductC. Distal convoluted tubuleD. Proximal convoluted tube 13. Which of the following is the innermost layer of kidney tissue?A. Renal medullaB. Major calyxC. Renal cortexD. Renal pelvis