What is the general name for the class of compounds that aid in emulsification of long chain fatty acids prior to uptake by intestinal epithelial cells? O bile acids O serum albumin O chylomicrons O steroids
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- Identify the original site of these chemical secretions- these should be labeled on the diagram: Pepsin HCL (hydrochloric acid) Sucrase Lactase Maltase Bile Salivary amylase Pancreatic lipase Pancreatic amylase Aminopeptidase Sodium Bicarbonate Trypsin Carboxypeptidase Insulin GlucagonWhy are bile salts and lipase necessary for breakdown of fats?Name the locations where cholecalciferol is producedand then modified into vitamin D. What are the functionsof vitamin D?
- Describe the main actions in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine during lipid digestion and absorption. Describe the substrate(s) and product(s) of each of the give major enzymes we discussed: lingual lipase, gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase, phospholipase A2, and carboxyl ester lipase. Describe emulsification of lipids. Why does this need to happen for digestion and absorption to occur? Describe how lipids are absorbed at the apical membrane. Describe lipid transport in the enterocyte. Describe lipid transport across the basolateral membrane and into circulation. Define the brain-gut axis and give examples of how lipids impact. Give examples of symptoms related to malabsorption of lipids. Give examples of diseases/conditions involving malabsorption of lipids.Which of the following is/are true of bile salts? (Select any/all that apply) They help emulsify fats. O They give enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of fats access to fats. They are amphipathic. In fat digestion, fats form micelles. Which of the following must happen prior to micelle formation? (Select any/all that apply) O Lipases must cleave triacylglycerols Bile salts must interact with fat O None of given answers (i.e. all of the given answers must happen prior to micelle formation in fat digestion) O Chylomicrons must formWhat lipoproteins are used to transport lipids from the liver to the blood? chylomicrons low-density lipoproteins intermediate-density lipoproteins very low-density lipoproteins high-density lipoproteins
- Explain the role of bile salts in mechanical digestion of lipids and the role of pancreatic lipase in the chemical digestion of triglycerides.Describe the two fates of glycerol after it has been converted to an intermediate of glycolysis. Describe what happens to the level of blood lipids after a meal rich in fat. What happens to the products of triglyceride digestion as they pass into the cells of the intestinal mucosa?What is the role of bile salts? lipase?
- Which of the following is incorrect about short chain fatty acids produced by commensal bacteria? Represent a source of energy for intestinal epithelial cells O Induce release of proinflammatory cytokines from intestinal macrophages Derive from microbial fermentation of dietary fiber O Can reach the brain via blood O Are important for the differentiation of Tregs in the gutAbout protein digestion what activates the zymogens in pancreatin specifically trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen , Procarboxypeptidase, carboxypeptidase and aminopeptidase in protein digestion? Please explainWhat is the importance of emulsification in digestion of lipid?
