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Purpose: The purpose of this assignment is to explain how energy is extracted from foods and used to produce ATP and also describe how the body synthesizes new molecules.
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- 1. Describe the digestion of dietary proteins. 2. What are the different pathways of glucose metabolism? 3. Discuss fully the synthesis of triacylglycerol in the adipose tissue, muscles, intestines and liver.1. Discuss fully the synthesis of triacylglycerol in the adipose tissue, muscles, intestines and liver. 2. Describe adequately the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. 3. Discuss the synthesis and utilization of ketone bodies.1.What are the net products after one molecule of Glucose goes through the process of Glycolysis ? Answer should include the product name and Net products ' means that if a molecule was consumed during the process that should be subtracted from the final number . 2. Distinguish between fat- and water-soluble vitamins, and list the vitamins in ea group. 3. A molecule of Glucose has just gone through Glycolysis and been converted into Pyruvic Acid. Explain what will happen to Pyruvic Acid if oxygen is not present in sufficient quantities to continue with the path through the electron transport system .
- Discuss briefly but concisely the importance of the following metabolic pathway. H.B-oxidation of fatty acids 1. Synthesis of fatty acids J. Amino acid metabolism K. Urea CycleRecent recommendations on diet suggestthat the sources of calories should be distributed as follows: 50%–55% carbohydrate, 25%–30% fats, and 20% protein. Suggest somereasons for these recommendations.10. The patients with a genetically determined medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency suffer from episodes of profound fatigue associated with vomiting, which is happening if they fasted for more than 8 hours. They have hypoglycemia, clevated level of free fatty acids in the blood but ketone bodies were below normal. Explain the development of these symptoms. For that answer the question and do the following tasks: a) why hypoglycemia occurs in the patients fasting for more than 8 hours? b) why the level of free fatty acids is elevated in blood? Write the scheme explaining this symptom; c) draw the scheme of fatty acid metabolism, which is blocked in case of this genetic disorder.
- 1. Describe briefly the hydrolysis reaction for carbohydrates as indicated to the picture A. What organ is responsible for the production of insulin and glucagon? B. Where does glycogen get stored?1. Amino acids are not stored in the body. Describe how excess amino acids are processed in the cell. 2. Discuss how carbohydrates can be stored as fat.1. Explain the processes involved in the tracking down of fatty acid in metabolism (e.g. palmitic acid) after ingestion 2. Give examples of fats or lipid molecules with their biological and/or physiological importance.
- Every question has to be answered in 4-5 sentences 1. Why would someone argue, using the information about metabolism and anabolism of fat, that fat is the most fattening for the body and that a low-fat diet would be the best approach to lose weight? HINT: this is about metabolism and not just calories per gram. 2. Discuss the following: Define Metabolism in relation to energy production and food intake. Define and discuss catabolism and anabolism What is ATP? Why is it called the energy currency of the cell? Be specific. 3. Carnitine has been "sold" as a fat burner supplement. Explain WHY someone might use this information based on fat metabolism. Why is this information incorrect?a) explain the importance of ketone body in energy metabolism1.. Discuss how the inability to synthesize insulin and glucagon would impact lipid and/or carbohydrate metabolism.