2. In the sports camp, a group of students have been intensively swimming in a pool for 60 minutes two hours after each meal. What metabolic changes of carbohydrates can bc assumed in students during physical cxcrtion from its start to completion? To answer: a) name the hormone with its blood concentration increased during physical activity, name the site of its synthesis, the stimuli of seeretion, the target tiseue and draw a diaoram ofthe hormonal sional transduction to tareet oells:

2. In the sports camp, a group of students have been intensively swimming in a pool for 60 minutes two hours after each meal. What metabolic changes of carbohydrates can bc assumed in students during physical cxcrtion from its start to completion? To answer: a) name the hormone with its blood concentration increased during physical activity, name the site of its synthesis, the stimuli of seeretion, the target tiseue and draw a diaoram ofthe hormonal sional transduction to tareet oells:

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter49: Endocrine Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12TYU

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27. Explain the full signal transduction mechanism for intracellular-mediated responses (the actions of lipophilic hormones).
3. After 12 days of starvation, a man reduced his weight by 4 kg. The doctor prescribed him biochemical blood test to analyze the level of lipids in serum blood. The results showed an elevated level of free fatty acids and triacylglycerols. Explain the results of the biochemical blood test. For that: a) name the main hormone which manages metabolism during starvation; b) draw the scheme of this hormone action on the adipose tissue; c) name the possible pathways of fatty acids usage in the liver during starvation and write down the proper schemes.
8. Ketone bodies were found in the urine of the patient with diabetes mellitus. Explain the sequence of metabolic changes resulting in ketonuria. For that answer the question and do the following tasks: a) what are the ranges of ketone bodics in blood of the healthy pcople and the patients with diabetes mellitus? b) explain the main changes in hormonal regulation of patient with diabetes mellitus; c) explain why the level of free fatty acids in the blood is clevated; d) name the pathways of lipid metabolism which becomes more active in patients with diabetes mellitus; e) draw the scheme of ketone body synthesis and oxidation.
3. A patient has got excess carbohydrate meal for the years and gain the weight. To explain this: a) draw the schemes of TAG synthesis in the liver; b) describe the transport of TAG from the liver to adipose tissue; c) describe the functions of insulin in the conversion of glucose to TAG in the liver and adipose tissue. Glucose containing Catoms was added to isolated hepatocytes inanexperiment. Ifthe glucose was added in excess, the rate of triacylglyccrol synthesis increased.
8. In patients with diabetes mellitus type I, the biochemical disorders result from changes in fuel metabolism. One of these signs is acidosis. Explain why such patients have a deviation of blood pH from the norm? For this: d) specify the hormone that accelerates this precursor formation and provide appropriate charts, starting from the hormone binding to adipocyte and concluding with precursor formation, give an explanation to the charts.
8. In patients with diabetes mellitus type I, the biochemical disorders result from changes in fucl metabolism. One of these signs is acidosis. Explain why such patients have a deviation of blood pH from the norm? For this me the Ocuics, name d) specify the hormone that accelerates this preeursor formation and provide appropriate charts, starting from the hormone binding to adipocyte and concluding with precursor formation, give an explanation to the charts.
(27) An 80-year old man witha 20-year old history of ashthma comes to the physician because of a 24 hour history of a running nose , sore throat , cough,muscle aches, and fatigue. His temperature is 39.5 degrees celcius (103.1F). Zanamivir is prescribed because it inhibits which of the following enzymes? (A) Aldolase (B) Kinase (C) N-acetyl glucosaminidase (D) Neuraminidase (E) Transglycosylase
(c) Discuss the mechanism of action of the enzyme chymotrypsin.
8. The adipose tissue is not only store triacylglycerols but also is active endocrine organ. Explain this function of the adipose tissuc. For that: a) explain the «clinical obesity» and possible consequences of the discase; b) name the biologically active molecules secreted by the adipose tissue; c) explain how secretion of these molecules changes with development of obesity. 9. A daily dict ofa 55-ycar-old woman, consisted ofa 500 g of carbohydrates, 100g of animal fats and 150 g of proteins, at the background of low physical activity.
4. A sportsman is doing a 10 km marathon for 1.5 hours. What changes in lipid metabolism in adipose tissue and muscles are triggered by long-term physical activity? To answer the question: a) name the hormone, controlling the lipid metabolism in adipocytes and write down the scheme of the process; b) explain, how some of the products of lipid mobilization, transported from adipocytes to the bloodstream, would be utilized by skeletal museles and liver in these conditions; c) calculate the ATP yield in the result of palmitolcic acid oxidation.
Discuss in detail the steps for the synthesis of the major metabolic hormone in the human body.
The hormones insulin and glucagon play an important role in the regulation of plasma glucose.a) Discuss the antagonistic actions of the hormones insulin and glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels within a narrow physiological range.