1.B Which of the following processes takes place in the cytoplasm? - DNA replication - transcription -intron removal -translation -primary mRNA splicing
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1.B Which of the following processes takes place in the cytoplasm?
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- 1.A Alleles are A) Dominant Genes B) Recessive Genes C) Two Version of the same genes D) alternate versions of the same gene. E) Sister Chromatids 1.B Which of the following processes takes place in the cytoplasm? - DNA replication - transcription -intron removal -translation -primary mRNA splicing 1.C For a DNA strand that is two nucleotides long, how many different sequences are possible? -2 -4 -8 -16 -64 1.D Which of the following is mismatched? A)physical expression of a trait - phenotype B)allele that masks the expression of an alternate allele - dominant C)identical alleles - heterozygous D)allele whose expression can be masked by an alternate allele recessive E)the specific alleles that an individual has - genotype1.A For a DNA strand that is two nucleotides long, how many different sequences are possible? -2 -4 -8 -16 -64 1.B Which of the following is mismatched? A)physical expression of a trait - phenotype B)allele that masks the expression of an alternate allele - dominant C)identical alleles - heterozygous D)allele whose expression can be masked by an alternate allele recessive E)the specific alleles that an individual has - genotype1). In the absence of this enzyme, a substance called ceroid lipofuscin accumulates in lysosomes in the brain, resulting in seizures, blindness, decline in cognitive function and motor skills, dementia, and death by the late teens or early 20’s. The TPP1 gene is 6695 bp in length. Think about the characteristics of Batten disease, and then suggest an approach to gene therapy that might be effective for this specific genetic disorder. You may assume that your research team is working in the U.S. and your research is funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Please EXCLUDE the use of CRISPR from consideration. A. Will you use germline or somatic cell gene therapy? Please NAME and DEFINE the form of gene therapy selected, then explain WHY this is the most appropriate choice.
- 1). In the absence of this enzyme, a substance called ceroid lipofuscin accumulates in lysosomes in the brain, resulting in seizures, blindness, decline in cognitive function and motor skills, dementia, and death by the late teens or early 20’s. The TPP1 gene is 6695 bp in length. Think about the characteristics of Batten disease, and then suggest an approach to gene therapy that might be effective for this specific genetic disorder. You may assume that your research team is working in the U.S. and your research is funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). a) Hypothetically, what specific type of VECTOR will you use to perform your gene therapy? Please select from the following list of potential vectors: disabled retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), or herpes simplex virus (HSV), then give two reasons why this specific vector is the most appropriate for your gene therapy. Please explain why you were able to rule out the other potential…1). In the absence of this enzyme, a substance called ceroid lipofuscin accumulates in lysosomes in the brain, resulting in seizures, blindness, decline in cognitive function and motor skills, dementia, and death by the late teens or early 20’s. The TPP1 gene is 6695 bp in length. Think about the characteristics of Batten disease, and then suggest an approach to gene therapy that might be effective for this specific genetic disorder. You may assume that your research team is working in the U.S. and your research is funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Other scientists have suggested that it might be possible to use CRISPR to treat this genetic disorder in affected individuals. (i) First, what is CRISPR? (BRIEFLY describe what it is and how it works). (ii) Briefly describe how CRISPR could be utilized in treating genetic conditions such as Batten disease.5.) You have identified a mutant with the following phenotype: a) Explain what has most likely happened to the chromatin in the mutant fly. b) Which enzyme do you think has undergone a mutation in your mutant fly? There is more than one correct answer, just give one possibility. c) How did the mutation in the enzyme you identified in part b affect the activity of that enzyme in order to see the phenotype we observed above?
- 1. A monogenic disease is a disease caused by a mutation in a single gene. For instance, sickle-cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which codes for the B- globin chain of hemoglobin. The beginning of HBB is shown here: 5'-ATGGTGCACCTGACTCCTGAGGAGAAGTCTGCCGTTACT...-3' A. Translate this HBB sequence into an amino acid sequence. B. In terms of amino acids, what is the result of the sickle cell mutation, wherein the bolded red A is changed to a T? This single mutation causes hemoglobin to aggregate, causing red blood cells to deform into a sickle-like shape rather than the normal “biconcave disk" shape. C. What would happen if the bolded blue A were mutated to at T? (This is hypothetical; it's not a mutation found in sickle-cell disease.)Original DNA Sequence: TACAC CTTGG CGACGACT... MRNA Sequence: Amino Acid Sequence: Mutated DNA Sequence #5 TACACCTT G G GACGACT... (Highlight the change) What's the mRNA sequence? What will be the amino acid sequence? Will there likely be effects? What type of mutation is this? 1. Which type of mutation is responsible for new variations of a trait? 2. Which type of mutation does not result in an abnormal amino acid sequence? 3. Which type of mutation stops the translation of an mRNA molecule? NOYou have the following DNA coding sequence of a wild-type allele: 5’-ATG TTC CAG CTA GAT GAT ATG CTG GTA ATT GGG GAA CGC GCG CGG TAA-3’ For each of the following mutations: A. State whether the mutation is missense, nonsense, frameshift, or silent. B. Write the codon change that occurs for the missense, nonsense, and silent mutations (ex. GAA -- GAT). C. For frameshift mutations, write out the entire mutant sequence with each codon clearly indicated (if the frameshift creates a new stop codon, end the sequence at the new stop). Using the wild type DNA sequence above as a guide : Write the amino acid sequence of the mutants. Mutant 1: transition at nucleotide 23 Mutant 2: T --> G transversion at nucleotide 29 Mutant 3: an insertion of “A” after nucleotide 14 Mutant 4: transition at nucleotide 7 Mutant 5: An insertion of GG after nucleotide 40 Mutant 6: transition at nucleotide 15 Mutant 7: a deletion of nucleotide 25
- (i) For the chromatogram below, what is the sequence of the template DNA from base 115 to 125? CTGTGTGAAATTGT TA T CCGC T CA CA AT T C CACA CA A CATA CGAGC CGGAAG CA TA A 110 120 130 140 150 160 (ii) An allele of a gene has the following change in it's sequence ATG GTG CÁC CTG ACT CCT GTG GAG AAG TCT compared to the wild type ATG GTG CAC CTG ACT CT GAG GAG AAG TCT With reference to the sequence; there is a codon, resulting in a change from is a mutation in the to which mutation.a) Explain the difference between a genome and a transcriptome. Do all cells in an organism have the same genomes and or transcriptomes? b) Explain a method you could use to compare transcriptomes, and what you can learn from comparing transcriptomes.Assume a cell present in your body has performed a mismatch error during the process of DNA replication. This error has resulted in the generation of a new allele for one of your genes. For this new allele to be inherited by your offspring, which of the following conditions must be true? A The new allele produced must be recessive. The error must be caused by a chemical mutagen that exists in hostile environments. C The error must occur in the germ line cells responsible for the production of gametes, The error must occur in the germ line cells responsible for the production of somatic cells. 2,279 12 étv MacBook Air 80 DII DD F1 F2 F3 F4 E5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 11 @ %23 2$ & *