Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning with these NEW titles from Engineering!)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305387102
Author: Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Write the appropriate Nusselt value for the each set of conditions provided below.1. Forced convection over a flat plate at constant qs. Calculated Re at mean temperature is 3500 and Pr= 0.7154.
2. Natural convection in a small holding tank with a heating element at the bottom. The calculated Ra number is 2.37 x10^93. Forced convection through an elliptical duct at constant Ts, where a/b=8. The temperature of the fluid at the inlet is higher than at the exit. Flow is fully developed with Re = 33370 and Pr= 0.693.
4. Natural convection over a sphere with Ra = 5 x 10^9 and Pr = 0.7362
PS. Do not round off intermediate values
ALS manufacturers are involved in manufacturing, building, and assembling Offshore booster compressorunits, which include DNV skids and air receiver vessels, and they package everything in-house.To ensure quality control throughout the entire package preparation: no third-party manufacturers areused to assemble this booster compressor.As an engineer for the company, it is your task to design the air receiver vessel (pressure vessel) for theCompressor skid (as shown in the diagram) required for an offshore platform.This air receiver is used to store compressed air and is mounted vertically (See photo), the material used isan Aluminium alloy, and the Height of the Compressor skid is 10ft. See excel file “LO2 Data”Determine:1. The required material thickness (in inches) required for the air receiver shell.2. The required material thickness (in inches) required for the air receiver head.Note: According to the design standard, the head thickness = 2.5 x Shell thickness3. Based on the…
A fluid flowing through a tube 20ft long and of 0.62 inch inside diameter has the following has the following physical properties: specific heat = 0.65 BTU/lb degFthermal conductivity = 0.085 BTU/ hr ft degFuw = viscosity at 122 degF (tube surface temp) = 4.0 lb/ft hrub = viscosity at 212 degF (bulk fluid temp)= 1.95 lb/ ft hr
What is the heat transfer coefficient (Btu/hr-ft^2-K) if the flowrate is 2000 lb/hr?a. 280b. 208c. 203d. 282
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- 3.9 The heat transfer coefficients for the flow of 26.6°C air over a sphere of 1.25 cm in diameter are measured by observing the temperature-time history of a copper ball the same dimension. The temperature of the copper ball was measured by two thermocouples, one located in the center and the other near the surface. The two thermocouples registered, within the accuracy of the recording instruments, the same temperature at any given instant. In one test run, the initial temperature of the ball was 66°C, and the temperature decreased by 7°C in 1.15 min. Calculate the heat transfer coefficient for this case.arrow_forwardMET 214 NATURAL CONVECTION SYSTEMS ASMod-3a Assignment Sheets 1. Fill in the blanks. a. All the resistance to transmission of heat between a flowing fluid and the body containing the fluid is due to b Laminar flow of a fluid is encountered at Re 2100. c Turbulent flow of a fluid is encountered at Re 4000. 2 List the functional relationships between Nusselt number (Nu), Grashot number (Gr), Reynolds number (Re) and Prandtl number (Pr) for natural and forced convection. 3. List the equations giving the following dimensionless groups used to correlate convection heat transfer. a. Reynolds number Re= & Prandt number Pr= C Grashof number GrD d Nusselt number Nu = 4. (True or False) In the application of the dimensionless groups in (1) above, any system of units may be used as the final result will permit ll units disappear by cancellation 5. List the empirical relationship used to obtain the average Nusselt number (Nu) for a fluid flowing in a tube a. under laminar flow conditions h under…arrow_forwardI- A mesurement system is to be used to mesure a presure of 250 Hz. For accurate readings, the time constant of the system sholud be (e) 0.01, (f) 1E-4, (g) 0.025. II- The bi-metallic thermometer is used to measure temperatures of --- variation. (a) very high, (b) very low, (c) above 1 Hz, (d) above 10 Hz, (e) above 100 Hz, (f) none of these. III- The static Pitot tube is suitable for measuring dynamic, (b) variable, (c) controlled, (d) directly constant, (e) dynamic, (f) constant. IV- The Borden-type gauge is a good choice to measure dynamic, (b) variable, (c) controlled, (d) directly constant, (e) dynamic, (f) static --------- sec. (a) 250, (b) 2.5, (c) 25, (d) 0.25, ---frequency fluid velocities. (a) directly pressures. (a) directly -------arrow_forward
- 7) Give two disadvantages of empirical thermometers. 8) Consider two liquids, A and B. with temperatures Te > TA. The two objects are put into thermal contact for a time period. Without just saying 'heat flows from hot to cold' how would you prove to someone that a quantity of heat flowed from B to A. (think of James Joule's experiments) 9) If the temperature of the sun were to suddenly double, by what multiplicative factor would the thermal radiation change ? Show Workarrow_forwardA tube bank uses an aligned array with 10 mm diameter tubes and ST=SL=60 mm. The arrangement is 10 lines of tubes with 7 tubes in each. Cold water flows inside the tubes and their surface is kept at 30 °C, while the combustion gases flow cross-flow to the bank of tubes, the inlet temperature of the gases is 450 °C and their velocity is 15 m/s. Combustion gases can be approximated as air at 1 atm. Determine: A) The outlet temperature of the combustion gasesB) The heat transfer coefficientC) The amount of heat transferred through the bank of tubesarrow_forwardA thermocouple junction of spherical form is to be used to measure the temperature of a gas stream. h = 400w/m^2 deg C; k(thermocouple junction) = 20 w/m deg C; cp = 400 J/kg deg C; and density = 8500 kg/m^3;Calculate the following:i. Junction diameter needed for the thermocouple to have the thermal time constant of one second.ii. Time required for the thermocouple junction to reach 198 deg C if junction is initially at 25 deg C and is placed in gas stream which is at 200 deg C.arrow_forward
- Water at 10C temperature flowing from a pipe with a diameter of 100mm at a speed of 2m / s, air from a pressure of 2 ATM at 180F flowing at a speed of 50 ft / s from a pipe with a diameter of 2 in, and an oil with a specific gravity of 0.78 and a diameter of 20 cp at a speed of 5 ft / s through a 2in pipe. Shows the flow state of the biopolymer melt flowing through the pipeline at a speed of 0.2 m/s, with a density of 900 kg/m3 and a density of 1 Pa-sarrow_forwardThe thermal boundary layer in heat transfer exists whenever there is a difference between the temperatures of the fluid and the outside environment. For fluid flow, how does a boundary layer form?A. Because common surfaces are not smooth, the flow is hindered, and boundary layers are formed.B. The disturbances on the streamlines in high Reynolds number flow produces boundary layer.C. The existence of walls or “boundaries” that keep the fluid inside (or outside) creates the boundary layer.D. Velocity profiles are inherently approaching no-slip condition because of the resistance of the walls.arrow_forward04. Airflow through a long. 0.2m square air conditioning duct maintains the outer duct surface temperature at 10 °C. If the horizontal duct is uninsulated and exposed to air at 35 °C as shown in the figure below, what is the heat gain per unit length of the duct? Air, Too-35°C NW-0.2m H=0.2 m -T₂-10°Carrow_forward
- 19.6 In a thermal heat sink the heat flux variation along the axis of a cooling passage is approximated as 9 A TX = a + b sin (77) where x is measured along the passage axis and Lis its total length. A large installation involves a stack of plates with a 3-mm air space between them. The flow passages are 1.22 m long, and the heat flux in the plates varies according to the above equation where a = 900 W/m² and v = 2500 W/m². Air enters at 100°Carrow_forward2, The internal diameter of a boiler generating tute is 4in. and the wall thickness is 0.375 in. In operation the external surrace film temperature is 26 Btu/hr . ft².°F, the internal film coefficient is 1700 Btu/hr.ft².°F and a 0.375 in. thickness scale having a conductivity of 0.6 Btu/hr.ft. °F is deposited on the inner surface of the tube. The metal conductivity is 26 Btu/hr.ft. °F, the furnace gas temperature is 2100 °F and the temperature of the water is 500 °F, calculate (a) the overall coefficient of heat transfer for the clean tube, (b) the overall heat transfer coefficient including the effect of the scale, (c) the external tube surface temperature before and after the scalearrow_forwardUsing the information in Problem 1.22, estimate the ambient air temperature that could cause frostbite on a calm day on the ski slopes. 1.22 In order to prevent frostbite to skiers on chair lifts, the weather report at most ski areas gives both an air temperature and the wind-chill temperature. The air temperature is measured with a thermometer that is not affected by the wind. However, the rate of heat loss from the skier increases with wind velocity, and the wind-chill temperature is the temperature that would result in the same rate of heat loss in still air as occurs at the measured air temperature with the existing wind. Suppose that the inner temperature of a 3-mm-thick layer of skin with a thermal conductivity of 0.35W/mKis35C and the air temperature is 20C. Under calm ambient conditions the heat transfer coefficient at the outer skin surface is about 20W/m2K (see Table 1.4), but in a 40-mph wind it increases to 75W/m2K. If frostbite occurs when the skin temperature drops to about 10C, do you advise the skier to wear a face mask? What is the skin temperature drop due to the wind?arrow_forward
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