Which statement about evolutionary trees is correct? Only trees with straight limbs show evolutionary relationships Trees represent hypothesized evolutionary relationships among taxa For a given set of traits, a single tree is possible Branch length is always proportional to time Trees are always derived from morphological data

Which statement about evolutionary trees is correct? Only trees with straight limbs show evolutionary relationships Trees represent hypothesized evolutionary relationships among taxa For a given set of traits, a single tree is possible Branch length is always proportional to time Trees are always derived from morphological data

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter12: Diversity Of Life

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11RQ: Which assumption of cladistics is stated incorrectly? a. Living things are related by descent from a...

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The phylogenetic tree for 12 cat species (Felidae) reproduced at right was assembled from molecular sequence data. Which species is the domestic cats closest relative? Which clade is the sister taxon to tigers? Are bobcats more closely related to cougars or to ocelots? Source: From Warren E. Johnson et al. 2006. The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment. Science 311:7377.
Which of the phylogenetic trees below represent the same evolutionary relationships? Tree 1 Tree 2 Tree 3 D В D G ·E O Tree 1 and Tree 3 O Tree 1 and Tree 2 O Tree 2 and Tree 3 All three represent the same relationships O No two trees represent the same relationships
what is phylogeny? A group whose members share one or more defining derived traits The evolutionary history of a species or a group of species The process of making hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among clades
The phylogenetic tree below depicts the evolutionary relation among a subset of ants. The Taxa shaded in correspond to groups that have evolved jaw-like type of structures. Based on this trait, the subfamilies Formicinae and Mymicinae form what type of phyletic relationship? # Trap-jaws have evolved at least once in each of the highlighted clades. O polyphyletic group. monophyletic group. O paraphyletic group. 80 F3 000 000 F4 $ % F5 5 C C F6 Formicinae Myrmicinae Ectatomminae Heteroponerinae Dolichoderinae Aneuretinae Pseudomyrmecinae Myrmeciinae Aenictinae Dorylinae Ecitoninae Cerapachyinae Leptanilloidinae Ponerinae Agroecomyrmecinae Paraponerinae Amblyoponinae Proceratiinae Leptanillinae & ◄◄ F7 7 3486689 Myrmoteras DII F8 Strumigenys Odontomachus Mystrium DD ( F9 0 B F10
Rotating Around Branch Points Fishes Frogs Rotation If you rotate the branches of the tree at left around the three blue points, the result is the tree at right Rotating the branches of a tree around a branch Frogs Humans point does not change what they convey about evolutionary relation- ships. As a result, the order in which taxa Lizards Chimps appear at the branch tips is not significant. What matters is the branching pattern, which signifies the order in which the lineages have diverged from common ancestors. Chimps Lizards Humans Fishes Note The order of the taxa does NOT represent a seguence of evolution Teading to" the last taxon shown (in this tree, humans] 5. Redraw the tree above, rotat around the green branch po humans as shown in each ar three trees. Explain your ans 4. Redraw the tree above (the one on the right), rotating around the green branch point. Identify the two closest relatives of humans as shown in each of the three trees. Explain your answer. INSERT TREE IMAGE…
4 05 4 3. 2. D.
CLASSIFICATION AND EVOLUTION Caminalcules are imaginary animals invented by the evolutionary biologist Joseph Camin. In this lab exercise, you will construct an evolutionary tree of the Caminalcules using both the "living" species and the additional 57 "fossil" species. This illustrates how modern classification schemes attempt to reflect evolutionary history. In the process of doing this exercise you will be introduced to concepts such as convergent evolution and vestigial structures. The Phylogeny of Caminalcules Using a large sheet of paper or long size bond paper, construct a phylogenetic tree for the Caminalcules. Use a meter stick or ruler to draw 20 equally spaced horizontal lines on the paper. Each of the horizontal line will be used to indicate an interval of one million years. Label each line so that the one at the bottom of the paper represents an age of 19 million years and the top line represents the present (0 years). 1. Cut out all the Caminalcules (including the living…
When constructing this phylogenetic tree, several different options were possible. The tree with the least number of evolutionary changes is the one that was chosen as most probable. What is this called? * gizzard see UV light pubdermal fat stores amnlotic ogg 4 limbs lungs O Least parsimony O Modern synthesis O Temporal equilibrium O Maximum parsimony lungfish
Phylogenetic trees are constructed based on parsimony the idea that the simplest answer is the misy likely. Explain why a parsimonious tree is a likely but not the only possible answer when depicting evolutionary relationships.
Hagfish Salamander Lizard Perch Mouse Chimp Pigeon Feathers Fur; mammary glands Claws or nails ungs Jaws Fig. 1. Cladogram on some vertebrates Related questions: 1. What is the synapomorhpy shared by the mouse and chimpanzee? Answer: 2. Specify the apomorphy of the pigeon. Answer: 3. Jaw is present to what taxa? Answer:
A scientist is attempting to a cladogram that shows the evolutionary closeness of three organisms in relation to humansAfter doing DNA analysis, they that the organisms share the following percentages of DNA Organism A and humans share 85% of their DNA Organismn and humans share 80% of their DNA Organism and humans share 90% of their DNA Based on informationwhich order should they go on the cladogram ( related to most related ?
Which of the following statements is true about cladograms? Cladograms are used to show the organisms that are phenotypically different Cladograms are constructed to represent the sequence of events that took place in Earth Cladograms are used to show the sequence of organisms that arise on Earth Cladograms are used to represent the evolutionary relationships between groups of animals