Which of the following best describe the idea of limited direct execution? It is the virtual address space (q.v.) which provided the operating system with the greatest facility to control processes in such a way as to grant and remove access to system resource on demand. A process must be able to use the system resources of CPU, memory and I/O without having complete control over the entire system, effectively overthrowing the operating system - all while providing a mechanism for the OS to regain control from that process and grant the same privilege to another process. An operating system must be able to grant limited time to a process at which point it removes that process from the CPU and grants time to another process. The CPU must be virtualized so that processes cannot execute privileged instructions in a non-privileged context. This is done by pretenting that those instructions do not exist in the user space and only execute NOP's.

Which of the following best describe the idea of limited direct execution? It is the virtual address space (q.v.) which provided the operating system with the greatest facility to control processes in such a way as to grant and remove access to system resource on demand. A process must be able to use the system resources of CPU, memory and I/O without having complete control over the entire system, effectively overthrowing the operating system - all while providing a mechanism for the OS to regain control from that process and grant the same privilege to another process. An operating system must be able to grant limited time to a process at which point it removes that process from the CPU and grants time to another process. The CPU must be virtualized so that processes cannot execute privileged instructions in a non-privileged context. This is done by pretenting that those instructions do not exist in the user space and only execute NOP's.

Systems Architecture

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305080195

Author:Stephen D. Burd

Publisher:Stephen D. Burd

Chapter11: Operating Systems

Section: Chapter Questions

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All multiprogramming operating systems, from single-user systems such as Windows for end users to mainframe systemssuch as IBM’s mainframe operating system z/OS which can support thousands of users, are built around the concept ofthe process. Most requirements that the OS must meet can be expressed with reference to processes. We can also thinkof a process as an entity that consists of a number of elements Why are two modes (user and kernel) needed?
draw diagrams of the following info Assume a primitive time-sharing operating system is running on a computer with 50,000 32-bit words of main memory, with the resident monitor consuming 10,000 of that. When control is to be assigned to an interactive user, the user’s program and data were loaded into the remaining 40,000 words of main memory. A program is always loaded to start at the location of the 10,000th word; this simplified both the monitor and memory management. Assume that there are four interactive users with the following memory requirements, in words: Job1: 10,000, Job2: 30,000, Job3: 1000, Job4: 5,000 Draw the main memory state diagram considering the following: (a) The monitor loads Job1 and transfers control to it. (b) The monitor decides to load Job2 and transfer control to it. (c) Next, the monitor decides to load Job3 and transfer control to it. (d) Next, the monitor decides to load Job1 and transfer control to it. (e) Next, the monitor…
Modern Operating Systems must tackle the challenges of Synchronization and Deadlock. ’Process Synchronization’ is the task of coordinating the execution of processes in a way that no two processes can have access to the same shared data or resource. A process requesting a resource may have to wait, if the resource is not available at that time. Sometimes, a waiting process is never able to change state, because the resources it has requested are held by other waiting processes; this situation is called ’Deadlock'.
Modern Operating Systems must tackle the challenges of Synchronization and Deadlock. 'Process Synchronization' is the task of coordinating the execution of processes in a way that no two processes can have access to the same shared data or resource. A process requesting a resource may have to wait, if the resource is not available at that time. Sometimes, a waiting process is never able to change state, because the resources it has requested are held by other waiting processes; this situation is called 'Deadlock'. In concurrent programming, a "critical section" is a part of a multi-process program thatmay not be concurrently executed by more than one of the program's thread. Let us consider a 2 processes solution: do {flag[i] = TRUE;while(flag[j]); %waitCRITICAL SECTIONflag[i] = FALSE;REMAINDER SECTION} while (TRUE);Pseudo-code of $P_i$ (the one of $P_j$ is symmetric) a) Does the given solution satisfy the mutual exclusion requirement? Explain (asimple 'yes-no' answer is NOT enough.…
Create a state machine diagram of operating system processes according to the following description: In general, processes are created and are then waiting to be scheduled if they are able to run. They might be blocking on some external condition (IO, semaphores, other synchronization,...) and might be therefore not able to run. If they are scheduled they are running. At any point they can become blocked due to some external condition. Processes can also be swapped out to the page file / swapping space, which can happen when they are waiting for some external condition or when they are waiting to be scheduled. We are assuming that processes can be terminated at any time.
Modern Operating Systems must tackle the challenges of Synchronization and Deadlock. 'Pro- vess Synchronization' is the task of coordinating the execution of processes in a way that no two processes can have access to the same shared data or resource. A process requesting a resource may have to wait, if the resource is not available at that time. Sometimes, a waiting process is never able to change state, because the resources it has requested are held by other waiting processes; this situation is called 'Deadlock'. ,In concurrent programming, a "critical section" is a part of a multi-process program that (a) may not be concurrently executed by more than one of the program's thread. Let us consider a 2 processes solution: do { flag(i] - TRUE; while (flag[j]); %wait CRITICAL SECTION flag[i] - FALSE; REMAINDER SECTION } while (TRUE); Pseudo-code of $P_i$ (the one of $P_j$ is symmetric) (i) { simple 'yes-no' answer is NOT enough. What is the mutual exclusion requirement? Why is (not?)…
Consider a situation that arises due to the use of several threads of processing by an operating system.
Describe an issue that arises in an operating system as a direct consequence of using concurrent computing. The problem presents itself as a result of the usage of concurrent computing.
Two separate changes to operating systems are predicted as a result of the virtualization of computer resources.
If there are a number of components that go into the making of the kernel of a standard operating system, is it feasible to describe its function in a single line even if the kernel itself is comprised of multiple different parts?
A succinct summary of the two fundamental design components of an operating system should fulfill the criteria outlined in this section. The components in computers that are referred to as the kernel and file system are named as such?
In most multiprogrammed systems, user programs access memory through virtual addresses, while the operating system uses raw physical addresses to access memory. What are the implications of this design on the initiation of 1/0 operations by the user program and their execution by the operating system?

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		It is the virtual address space (q.v.) which provided the operating system with the greatest facility to control processes in such a way as to grant and remove access to system resource on demand.
		A process must be able to use the system resources of CPU, memory and I/O without having complete control over the entire system, effectively overthrowing the operating system - all while providing a mechanism for the OS to regain control from that process and grant the same privilege to another process.
		An operating system must be able to grant limited time to a process at which point it removes that process from the CPU and grants time to another process.
		The CPU must be virtualized so that processes cannot execute privileged instructions in a non-privileged context. This is done by pretenting that those instructions do not exist in the user space and only execute NOP's.