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- a. Let’s say for example that a milk sample has 10,000 bacteria per milliliters. If 1 mL of this sample were plated out, these would theoretically be 10,000 colonies in the Petri plate. Discuss and explain the serial dilutions of this example. b. The disk diffusion method was used to evaluate 3 disinfectants. The results were as follows: Solution Zone of inhibition X 0 mm Y 5 mm Z 10 mm How would you interpret? Provide inference.The following results were obtained from a disk diffusion test for a strain of Escherichia coli. Chemotherapeutic Zone of inhibition (mm) A 7 B 10 C 18 D 3 Which drug above (A, B, C, or D) is most effective against this E. coli strain? ***Which drug above (A, B, C, or D) is most effective against Staphylococcus aureus? Explain your answer.A relatively large zone of inhibition surrounding an antimicrobial disk on a Kirby-Bauer test plate would most likely be interpreted as: a. sensitive reaction b. intermediate reaction c. resistant reaction
- The Kirby-Bauer test examines the effectiveness of antibiotics and disinfectants or antiseptics on separately plated bacteria. Which of the following Zones of Inhibition (ZOI) measurements on a plate of Klebsiella pneumoniae shows the strongest inhibition of the bacterium's growth? a) Penicillin, 7 mm ZOI b) Actinomycin, 9 mm ZOI c) Tetracycline, 26 mm ZOI d) Chloramphenicol 2 mm ZOI e) Streptomycin, 23 mm ZOIThe following data were obtained from a disk-diffusion test. Antibiotic Zone of Inhibition 15 mm 0 mm 7 mm 15 mm a. Which antibiotic was most effective against the bacteria being tested? b. Which antibiotic would you recommend for treating a disease caused by this bacterium? c. Was antibiotic A bactericidal or bacteriostatic? How can you tell?The following data were obtained by incubating gram-positive bacteria in nutrient medium + disinfectant for 24 hours, then transferring one loopful to nutrient medium (subculturing). (+ = growth; - = no growth. a. Table 7.3, which disinfectant is the most effective at stopping bacterial growth? How can you tell? b. In Table 7.3, which disinfectant was bactericidal? How can you tell? c. In Table 7.3, which disinfectant was most effective against Salmonella? How can you tell? [Hint: look up Salmonella] Table 7.3 K.O. Subculture Doom Dilution Initial Subculture Initial 1:16 1:32 1:64 1:128 Mortum Sterl Dilution Initial Subculture Initial Subculture 1:16 1:32 1:64 1:128
- If the volume of a Staphylococcus aureus cell is estimated at 0.5 μm3, how many cells could be accommodated, in principle, in 5 mL of saturated culture? (1 mL = 1 cm3). Show your calculations.When testing the sensitivity of antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer method, the Petri Dish with Escherichia coli had the following results: Antibiotic Zone of inhibition Penicillin 0 mm Ampicillin 9 mm Ciproflaxacin 30 mm Tetracycline 31 mm What are the best conclusions you can make from the choices below?Can gelatin hydrolysis be correlated with the pathogenicity of a bacterium? Explain your answer. In addition to H2S production and motility, for what other test can SIM medium be used?
- You spread 0.1 mL volume of a 10^(-6) dilution onto a nutrient agar plate. After 24 hours of incubation at 37°C, there were 280 colonies of bacteria on the plate. A.) What is the original concentration (OCD) of bacteria in the stock sample this dilution came from? B.) Using the OCD value from part A, determine the number of colonies that would be expected to grow on a plate that is inoculated with 0.1 mL volume of 10^(-8) dilution from this same stock of bacteria. Show your work for both.Nitrate reduction test can be used to differentiate between Pseudomonads and Enterobacteriaceae. You inoculated your Nitrate broth with your unknown; after incubation, you added 5 drops of reagent A and 5 drops of reagent B. You observe a red color within 2 minutes. Is this a + or a - reaction? Assuming you did not get a red color, you then added a pinch of Zinc and this time tou obtained a red color. What does this mean?A pure bacterial culture of unknown concentration was diluted to determine the concentration of viable bacteria in the original culture. Serial dilutions were performed as 1. diagrammed below. Each dilution tube contained 400 ul of diluent and 100 ul was transferred into each tube. TSA plates were inoculated with 100 µul from the last three dilution tubes. a. What is the dilution between each tube shown in the diagram below? Express your answer as a ratio. b. What is the total dilution of tube number 5? Express your answer as a ratio. c. What is the concentration of viable bacteria in the original culture? Express your answer using scientific notation and the units CFU/ml. d. What is the concentration of viable bacteria in tube number 2? Express your answer using the units CFU/ml. e. If you inoculated a TSA plate with 250 µl from tube number 5, how many colonies would you expect to see after the plate was incubated? 1 2 3 5 423 80 13 Number of colonies