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- The oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water is a major source of energy in aerobic organisms. It is a reaction favored mainly by a large negative enthalpy change. C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) →6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) ∆H° = -2816 kJ/mol ∆S ° = +181 J/mol . K (a) At 37 °C, what is the value for ∆G°? (b) In the overall reaction of aerobic metabolism of glucose, 32 moles of ATP are produced from ADP for every mole of glucose oxidized. Calculate the standard state free energy change for the overall reaction when glucose oxidation is coupled to the formation of ATP at 37 °C. (c) What is the efficiency of the process in terms of the percentage of the available free energy change captured in ATP?Calculate the standard free energy change for the following reaction: 3-PG + ATP 1,3-BPG + ADP ---> Given the following standard free energies of hydrolysis: ATP = - 31 kJ/mol 1,3-BPG = - 49.6 kJ/mol 18.6 kJ/mol 80.6 kJ/mol -80.6 kJ/mol 18.6 kJ/molA table of standard state free energies is shown below. For the reaction: Creatine phosphate + ADP----> Creatine + ATP the free energy under standard state conditions is kJ/mole. TABLE 14.1 Standard free energies of hydrolysis of some phosphorylated compounds Compound kcal mol kJ mol - 14.8 Phosphoenolpyruvate 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate Creatine phosphate ATP (to ADP) Glucose 1-phosphate Pyrophosphate Glucose 6-phosphate -61.9 -11.8 - 49.4 - 10.3 -43.1 - 7.3 - 30.5 - 20.9 - 19.3 - 5.0 - 4.6 – 3.3 -13.8 Glycerol 3-phosphate – 2.2 - 9.2 A. +12.6 В. +73.6 С.-3.0 D. -12.6 ОЕ.-73.6
- The hydrolysis of ATP has an enthalpy and entropy of -24.3 kJ/mol and +21.6 J.K-1.mol-1, respectively, at 37 o C. What is the free energy change for the hydrolysis of 5 mols of ATP? Explain what contributes to the negative enthalpy change and positive entropy change in this reaction. What physical characteristics of the reaction would change if an ATP hydrolase enzyme is added to the solution?Given the following coupled reactions: phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O → pyruvate + Pi ΔG°'= -61.9 kJ/mol ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi ΔG°'= -30.5 kJ/mol write the overall reaction, calculate the ΔG°’, and determine if the reaction is exergonic or endergonic. The overall reaction is ______ + _______ → _______ + _________ The overall ΔG°’ is ________ kJ/mol. Therefore, the reaction is _______(exergonic/endergonic)Consider the following chemical equation whose delta(G) = 9kcal/mol: AC + BD ---> AB + CD what are the reactants and what are the products is this reaction spontaneous? How do you know? Is energy released or consumed by this reaction? If an enzyme, which catalyzes this reaction is added, what will happen to delta (G) If this reaction is coupled to another reaction, whose delta(G) is -12 kcal/mol, what will be the net delta(G) value? will the overall reaction be spontaneous
- Consider the fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase reaction. Calculate the free energy change if the ratio of the concentrations of the products to the concentrations of the reactants is 23.7, and the temperature is 37.0 °C? AG" for the reaction is -16.7 kJ/mol. The constant R = 8.3145 J/(mol-K) AG= Number kJ/molSuppose you're given the following information: ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi ΔG'° = -30.5 kJ/mol Phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O → Pyruvate + Pi ΔG'° = -61.9 kJ/mol What would the ΔG'° be for the reaction phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP → pyruvate + ATP? Please answer in units of kJ/mol, but do not include the units in your answer.Gastric juice (pH 1.5) is produced by pumping HCl from blood plasma (pH 7.4) into the stomach. Calculate the amount of free energy required to concentrate the H+ in 1 L of gastric juice at 37 °C. Under cellular conditions,how many moles of ATP must be hydrolyzed to provide this amount of free energy? The free-energy change for ATP hydrolysis under cellular conditions is about −58 kJ/mol . Ignore the effects of the transmembrane electrical potential.
- G6P(ag) F6P(aq) AG°=+1.7kJ/mol at 25 °C Consider the reaction: Estimate the fraction of F6P (Fructose 6 Phosphate) in equilibrium with G6P (Glucose 6 Phosphate) at 25 °C, where the fraction is defined as [F6P]/([F6P]+[G6P]). Show ALL your work.Phosphocreatine (G0ʹ = -43.1 kJ/mol) has a higher phosphoryl group transfer potential than ATP (G0ʹ = -30.5 kJ/mol). However, under certain physiological conditions, phosphoryl group is transferred from ATP to creatine. Explain this discrepancy. Many biochemical conversions are carried out via multi-step pathways although similar conversions can be done in an organic chemistry lab in fewer steps. Explain why energetically it is reasonable to use multiple steps in biochemical conversions. What are isozymes? Humans contain several isozymes of hexokinase. Why does the body need several isozymes of hexokinase? 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is used to produce ATP. Which of the two phosphates of 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate is transferred to ADP to make ATP. Explain why it is this specific phosphate and not the other one. Triose phosphate isomerase is a diffusion-controlled enzyme. What reaction is catalyzed by this enzyme (structures of molecules not needed)? Explain why…Glucose 1-phosphate is converted into fructose 6-phosphate in two successive reactions. Reaction 1: Glucose 1-phosphate → glucose 6-phosphate AG'° = -7.3 kJ/mol Reaction 2: Glucose 6-phosphate → fructose 6-phosphate AGʻ° = +1.7 kJ/mol Using the values given, calculate the standard free-energy change, AGʻ°, ,for the sum of the two reactions: sum > Sum: Glucose 1-phosphate → fructose 6-phosphate AG'°, kJ/mol sum Calculate the equilibrium constant, K', eq > for the sum of the two reactions. K'e eq II