What are some observations comparing the schematics of the fish and mammal circulatory systems? (Note: these are simplified schematics that don't show every single route for blood, so focus on the heart and the immediate inflow/outflow around the heart.)
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What are some observations comparing the schematics of the fish and mammal circulatory systems? (Note: these are simplified schematics that don't show every single route for blood, so focus on the heart and the immediate inflow/outflow around the heart.)
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- Write the following structures into sequence as a drop of blood would pass them on the double circuit of a mammalian system. aorta to systemic arteries and arterioles aortic semilunar valve inferior and superior vena cavae left atrioventricular valve (also called biscupid or mitral valve) left atrium left ventricle pulmonary capillaries to venules pulmonary trunk/arteries to arterioles pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary veins right atrioventricular valve (also called tricuspid valve) right atrium right ventricle systemic capillaries to venules and veinsIn the cardiovascular dynamics experiment (part 2), if the right beaker simulates the flow of blood to the systemic circuit of the body, what do the right valve and flow tube represent? Select one: aortic valve and pulmonary veins bicuspid valve and pulmonary veins aortic valve and aorta bicuspid valve and aortaThe English physiologist William Harvey made all of the following circulatory discoveries except: both pulmonary and systemic blood pressure comes from pumping of the heart the function of valves in the veins is to direct blood flow back to the heart blood in the arteries is under more pressure than is blood in the veins arterial pressure is greatest during diastole and lowest during systole the function of the vertebrate heart is to pump blood continuously
- Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through pulmonary circulation? Group of answer choices Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → pulmonary veins → left atrium Left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → pulmonary veins → right atrium Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary veins → left atrium Left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary veins → right atrium Left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary veins → pulmonary arteries → pulmonary capillaries (in lungs) → right atriumhttps://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/vertebrate-circulatorium Compare and Contrast: Adult to fetal heart in mammals Fetal heart in mammals to diving heart in crocodile. To see the differences in the mammal heart as a fetus vs adult. Go to "Mammal". Click on "Heart Detail". Click "Activate". Toggle between "Fetal Heart" and "Adult Heart" to see the differences in blood flow. To see the differences in the crocodile heart on the surface vs diving. Go to "Crocodile". Click on "Heart Detail". Click "Activate". Toggle between "Surface" and "Dive" to see the differences in blood flow.The events of the cardiac cycle cause cyclical changes in left ventricular pressure and volume over time. Another way to represent these events is with a pressure-volume loop, as shown below. Drag the labels from the left into the appropriate boxes on the pressure- volume loop to demonstrate your understanding of the cardiac cycle. Aortic valve closure AV valve opening Systolic pressure Isovolumetric relaxation Isovolumetric contraction 120 Diastolic pressure Ventricular filling 80 End-diastolic volume Ventricular ejection 40 AV valve closure End-systolic volume Aortic valve opening 60 120 LV volume (mL) O McGraw-Hill Education Reset LV pressure (mm Hg)
- Dr. Bright and Dr. Idea have found a novel way to produce a machine to determine if a heart attack patient has additional blockage in the coronary arteries that may be caused by the surgical bypass procedure (CABG). The machine non-invasively measures arterial flow by using Doppler sonar to determine if the arteries are blocked. It can be used in a patient’s home, by itself, on post heart attack patients who may be at risk for additional heart attacks. It transfers the data to a monitoring station at a EMS facility for 24/7 monitoring.They have formed a company (The Bright-Idea Company), built a prototype and tested it in the lab on sheep and pigs. It worked great. Now they want to begin marketing it for use on humans. What steps should Dr. Bright and Dr. Idea take before they can begin marketing the machine?Describe all the events (steps) that occur during a cardiac cycle for mammals (organisms with a double circulation). Please include in your description all the steps illustrated in slide #16 of the Cardiovascular System PowerPoint presentation (Lectures 5&6), as well as the opening and closing of all heart valves (refer to slide #21), and the signals arising from the SA and AV nodes (shown in slide #25). How does this cycle contribute to metabolic homeostasis for our cells, and what is the purpose of the valves?Blood is pushed out of the heart through a large vessel, called the aorta. The aorta then divides into smaller and smaller blood vessels, eventually reaching vessels called capillaries. Capillaries are so small that oxygen and nutrients can diffuse across the vessel walls and into the tissues of the body, with CO2 and waste diffusing back into the blood. Let's say that the cross-sectional area of the aorta is 1 cm2 = 100 mm2. The blood pumps through the aorta at 100 mm/s but only through the capillaries at 1 mm/s. If each capillary has a cross-sectional area of 20 mm2, how many capillaries must there be in the body? Note: these numbers are not physiologically correct, but were chosen to make the math easier. The blood velocity through the aorta is closer to 300 mm/s. The capillaries have a total cross-sectional area of ~600,000 mm2 (6000 cm2), with a blood flow rate closer to 0.2 mm/s.
- An artificial heart works in closed loop by varying its pumping rate according to changes in signals from the recipient's nervous system. For feedback compensation design it is important to know the heart's open-loop transfer function. To identify this transfer function, an artificial heart is implanted in a calf while the main parts of the original heart are left in place. Then the atrial pumping rate in the original heart is measured while step input changes are effected on the artificial heart. It has been found that. in general, the obtained response closely resembles that of a second-order system. In one such experiment it was found that the step response has a %OS = 30% and a time of first peak 7, 127 sec (Nakamura, 2002). Find the corresponding transfer function. Aside from the corresponding transfer function, determine the following as well: delay time, rise time, settling time and steady state error if input is a step response. CO MIn the given table, three of the anatomical and physiological terms are similar or related; one does not belong with the other three. Choose the term that does NOT belong in each of the following groups. A B C D 1 Pulmonary Trunk Vena Cava Right Side of the Heart Left Side of the Heart 2 QRS Wave T Wave P Wave Electrical Activity of the Ventricles 3 AV Valves Closed AV Valves Opened Ventricular Systole Semilunar Valves Open 4 Tricuspid Valve Mitral Valve Bicuspid Valve Left AV Valve 5 Pulmonary Valve Umbilical Artery Pulmonary Vein Superior Vena Cavanote whether the statements below are consistent with an open or closed circulatory system. The circulating fluid flows in one direction (unidirectionally) through a circulatory loop. The circulating fluid is called hemolymph. Ostia are pores in the heart, important for circulatory function. The circulating fluid is called blood. The circulating fluid remains in vessels as it moves throughout the organism. Is the more efficient type of circulatory system.