What are differences in which CMV & the ssRNA bacteriophages protect their genomes within the host cell? (remember capsids are removed once in cell)
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What are differences in which CMV & the ssRNA bacteriophages protect their genomes within the host cell? (remember capsids are removed once in cell)
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- Provide me the structure of Immunoglobulin g by images -Immunoglobulin g secondary & Immunoglobulin g TertiarySome pathogenic microorganisms encode proteins, such as the Staphylococcus Protein A, that bind to immunoglobulin constant region domains with high affinity. These microbial proteins provide a benefit to the microorganism by: Preventing antibodies bound to the microbe from binding to Fc receptors on phagocytes Blocking the binding of anti-microbial antibodies to the pathogen surface Cleaving the antibody into fragments that separate the antigen-binding region from the effector function Inducing aggregation of the anti-microbial antibodies by multivalent binding to the pathogen-derived protein Preventing the antibody from neutralizing the pathogenYou are interested in performing indirect immunofluorescence light microscopy to observe the localization of the catalase enzyme in the cultured HeLa cells, obtained historically from the cervical tumor of Henrietta Lacks. You were going through the lab stock and found a few primary and secondary antibodies. Which of the following secondary antibody can you use in your experiments? O All of the mentioned antibodies can be used in the experiment Goat anti-human antibody conjugated to 10 nm gold Goat-anti-human catalase conjugated to 10 nm gold O Human anti-catalase antibody conjugated to fluorescent rhodamine Goat anti-human antibody conjugated to fluorescent rhodamine
- Viruses can easily mutate exchange genetic material, mechanisms referred to as antigenic drift and antigenic shift. These changes allow the virus to evade the immune system defenses. Match each term with the correct definition Antigenic drift [ Choose ] [Choose ] Different strains of a virus or strain of different viruses, combine and form a new strain that now has a mixture of the surface antigens Antigenic shift The virus changes genetically by accumulating mutations within the genes that code for antibody-binding sites55. Identify a MISMATCHED pair from the following, Group of answer choices lethal factor :::: protease activity; inhibits chemokine production. edema factor :::: unregulated cAMP synthesis protective antigen :::: binds and assembles at target cell membrane protective antigen :::: acts as a biosensor ; detects higher temperature of the digestive system to become active protective factor :::: aids in bringing other toxins components inside cell via endocytosis 56. Which of the following holds TRUE for blood agar medium? Group of answer choices gamma hemolysis is when there is no effect on red blood cells. alpha hemolysis is due to complete breakdown of red blood cells beta hemolysis is the incomplete breakdown of red blood cells. we always use human red blood cells in blood agar blood agar medium belongs to selective mediarefer to the picture explain in detail the type of centrifugation which you will use to seperate imunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G
- From: "Towards a universal flu vaccine" Each year, the flu vaccine includes antigens from two strains of Influenza A and two strains of Influenza B. These antigens are from the head of the H spikes an area that sticks out from the virus and so, is very easy for human immune cells to detect. However, the problem with using the head of the H spike as an antigen is... O The H spike head mutates very rapidly, so quickly changes to forms not recognized by human immune cells. O The H spike head is exposed on the surface of the virus for only a short period of time. Viruses quickly pull the H spikes back inside the virus, shiclding them from human immune cells. O The H spike head is often too big for the human immune cells to attack. O The H spike head is often too small for the human immune cells to bind to.Several vaccines against viral infections are made by isolating purified surface proteins of the viral particle, mixing them with an adjuvant to stimulate an innate immune response, and injecting the mixture into people. Two examples of this are the vaccine against Hepatitis B virus, and the vaccine against Human Papilloma Virus (the ‘cervical cancer’ vaccine). One interesting property of vaccines of this type (known as ‘subunit vaccines’) is that there is a requirement for a CD4 T cell response to the vaccine antigen in order to generate antibodies to the innocuous protein in the vaccine. In the case of the Hepatitis B vaccine, the viral protein included in the vaccine is the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HepB-SAg), a protein that is approximately 200 amino acids in length. The graph in Figure Q4.27 shows the data from immunizing individuals with this vaccine, and monitoring their production of protective antibody responses to the viral protein. a) What results would be predicted if…Please help me with this question. More than one answer may be correct. The graph relating to the information is included below. The above graph is looking at the relative entry of SARS-CoV2 isolated spike proteins into human cells in culture at two times points: before introduction of the virus to the cell culture (0 minute) and 5 minutes after introduction of the virus to the cell culture. CHC stands for "clathrin heavy chain" and siRNA stands for small interfering RNA, which is often used in experiments as an easy method to stop expression of a certain gene. So in this case, the CHC siRNA would stop cellular production of CHC. The control siRNA introduces a small RNA fragment that does not match any gene as a negative control. Imagine that the experiment was then allowed to run for 500 minutes in addition to five minutes? How would the relative uptake of the spike protein into the control siRNA cells compare after 500 min to the 5 minute treatment? Options: 500 min time point would…
- Please help me with this question. More than one answer may be correct. THe graph relating to the information is included below. The above graph is looking at the relative entry of SARS-CoV2 isolated spike proteins into human cells in culture at two times points: before introduction of the virus to the cell culture (0 minute) and 5 minutes after introduction of the virus to the cell culture. CHC stands for "clathrin heavy chain" and siRNA stands for small interfering RNA, which is often used in experiments as an easy method to stop expression of a certain gene. So in this case, the CHC siRNA would stop cellular production of CHC. The control siRNA introduces a small RNA fragment that does not match any gene as a negative control. From the above figure, you can conclude what about the process that allows the SARS CoV-2 virus entry into the cell? Options: The spike protein is not involved in cell entry, contrary to popular belief This is evidence for clathrin-mediated endocytosis as the…Serum from individuals with high levels of antibody to SARS-CoV2 has been used to treat patients with severe COVID-19. What is ONE way (there are several) that passive immunization with the antibody to the virus could help these patients? HINT: think about what opsonization with antibody could do for the innate immune response.5) The immunoblot shows probing of samples taken from a time course after treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Recall that the proteasome is responsible for selectively degrading only those proteins that have been tagged with ubiquitin. The left indicates the antibody that is used to detect protein for each panel. P53 P27 AGR2 GAPDH MG132 (h) 0 0.5 1 2 4 8 12 24 Image from Wang et al., (2019) Oncogene 38:3458-3474. a) What effect does MG132 have on each protein? What does this tell you about each of these proteins? ● P53 P27 AGR2 GAPDH b) How do we know that the differences we observe in the proteins is not due to un- equal loading of samples into each lane of the gel?