Using no more than two enzymes from the glycolytic pathway, draw the complete mechanism necessary to break this sugar into one three carbon fragment and six carbon fragment, as well as the final products. You may assume that the glycolytic enzymes will bind this substrate and catalyze according to their mechanisms.

Using no more than two enzymes from the glycolytic pathway, draw the complete mechanism necessary to break this sugar into one three carbon fragment and six carbon fragment, as well as the final products. You may assume that the glycolytic enzymes will bind this substrate and catalyze according to their mechanisms.

Name: 7. Using no more than two enzymes from the glycolytic pathway, draw t
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Description: 7. Using no more than two enzymes from the glycolytic pathway, draw the completemechanism necessary to break this sugar into one three carbon fragment and sixcarbon fragment, as well as the final products. You may assume that the glycolyticenzymes w

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter27: Metabolic Integration And Organ Specialization

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 20P: Figure 27.3 illustrates the response of R (ATP-regenerating) and U (ATP-utilizing) enzymes to energy...

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5. The isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is necessary so that the two molecules generated from fructose-1,6-bisphosphate can proceed through the remainder of the glycolysis pathway. Draw a mechanism for this interconversion using generic acid/base catalysts. E-E CH,OH CHO НС—ОН CH2OPO,2- ČH2OPO,2-
1. The first step in the payoff phase of glycolysis is catalyzed by the enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that contains a nucleophilic cysteine playing a central role in the reaction. A) In the direction of gluconeogenesis, what reaction does this enzyme catalyze? AG° = -6.3 kcal/mol for this reaction in the direction of gluconeogenesis. Based on what you know about the substrates involved, provide two chemical reasons as to why the AGO of this reaction is negative.
1.. The sugar that occupies a central position in the metabolism of plants, animals and many microorganisms. 2. This enzyme is inhibited in the glycolytic pathway whenever the cell has ample ATP and is well supplied by other fuels such as fatty acids. 3. The enzyme that is only present in the liver and kidney during glycogen utilization. 4. The glycolytic substrate responsible for the entry of Mannose in the preparatory stage of glycolysis. 5. What is the pathway involved during the lipid utilization into glucose in plants?
create a detailed flow chart or diagram that will illustrate all the important features of the glycolytic pathway. I want you to place in your flow chart or diagram the following important information like: 1. the reactants and products of each step, 2. enzymes involved in each step, 3. important by-products generated in some steps, 4. type of the reaction of each step, 5. and the outline of the two stages of the pathway. Also, discuss briefly (4 sentences) how Galactose and Fructose enter the glycolytic pathway.
1. A glycolytic substrate which is the precursor of the pentose phosphate pathway. 2. How many pyruvate molecules are derived from the hydrolysis of 3 glucose molecules. 3. The enzyme responsible for the 1st committed step in the glycolytic pathway. 4. The enzyme responsible for the cutting of the sugar on the nonreducing ends of glycogen branches. 5. The enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon fragment from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor in PPP.
4) Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is a highly regulated enzyme in glycolysis. ADP (and also AMP - adenosine monophosphate) bind to allosteric sites on PFK's structure, causing additional active sites (fructose-6-phosphate binding sites) to open. Conversely, ATP and PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) bind to different allosteric sites, resulting in PFK's active sites closing. a) How does an allosteric activator work? What is the allosteric activator? When would it be important for PFK to be activated? Function: Allosteric Activator(s): Importance: b) How does an allosteric inhibitor work? What is the allosteric inhibitor? When would it be important for PFK to be inhibited? Function: Allosteric Inhibitor(s): Importance: c) How does this relate to the ideas of homeostasis and why does it make sense to control this system homeostatically? Use a specific example to make your comparison.
3.) As mentioned in the March1 outline a critical step in the glycolysis metabolic pathway (conversion for glucose to pyruvate that produces 2 ATP's) is the attachment of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to an isomerase enzyme via an iminium bridge (step1). There is a second step that takes the imine to the enamine that sets up the C-C formation reaction with an enol that you'll cover in two weeks. Show the mechanism for steps 1 (mild acid catalysis) and 2 (draw resonance forms for the iminium cation). In your mechanism, show the intermediate hemiaminal (carbinolamine). Step 2 may address one of the questions asked in Wednesday's class about the water taking out the N-H proton of the iminium cation versus a C-H proton? CH₂OPO3² E-NH₂ + O=C (step 1) CH₂OH Dihydroxyacetone phosphate Iminium (+) cation intermediate (step 2) Enamine (Enol) Intermediate H CH₂OPO32- E-N-C H C. OH H₂O E
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1. Put together the sequence of components (numbers) that form the glycolysis pathway and the linked reaction. Choose the sequence from the following metabolites. Also mention the step in which NADH/FADH; is formed along with the number. > Acetyl ÇoA > Glucose. > Pyruvate. > Fructose – 1, 6-bisphosphate > Glucose – 6- phosphate. > Phosphoenol – pyruvate. > 1,3– Bisphosphoglycerate. > Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Fructose – 6– phosphate > Glycerol 2-phosphate /2-phosphoglycerate. Dihydroacetone – phosphate.
1. Put together the sequence of components (numbers) that form the glycolysis pathway and the linked reaction. Choose the sequence from the following metabolites. Also mention the step in which NADH/FADH2 is formed along with the number. > Acetyl Co.A > Glucose. > Pyruvate. Fructose – 1, 6-bisphosphate > Glucose – 6 – phosphate. > Phosphoenol – pyruvate. > 1, 3 – Bisphosphoglycerate. > Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Fructose – 6 – phosphate > Glycerol 2-phosphate /2-phosphoglycerate. > Dihydroacetone – phosphate. > Glycerol – 3 – phosphate / 3- phosphoglycerate.
2. Regarding the glycolysis metabolic pathways covered in class: A. In the EMP metabolic pathway, what chemical is produced by anabolism of pyruvate? (1 step away) B. There are two products of step 4 in the EMP pathway. If they were not phosphorylated, how would you describe these as monosaccharides (for example, an aldohexose and a ketopentose)? C. In the TCA Cycle, what chemical is produced by catabolism of isocitrate? (1 step away) D. Describe the major differences between primary, secondary and partial oxidation metabolism in terms of (i) cell growth rate, (ii) oxygen consumption rate, and (iii) products formed.
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