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- Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.In the laboratory, researchers can apply an electrical stimulus at any point along the axon, making action potentials travel in both directions from the point of stimulation. An action potential moving in the usual direction, away from the axon hillock, is said to be traveling in the orthodromic direction. An action potential traveling toward the axon hillock is traveling in the antidromic direction. If we started an orthodromic action potential at the axon hillock and an antidromic action potential at the opposite end of the axon, what would happen when they met at the center? Why?Which of the following statements is TRUE about the depolarization phase of action potential? Group of answer choices: Na-K pump initiates depolarization. Potassium ion channels quickly opens to allow efflux of ions. Depolarization is characterized by the movement of calcium ions out of the cell. Depolarization is primarily triggered by opening of sodium ion channels asap pls
- Immediately after the repolarization phase of an action potential, the neuronal membrane is temporarily unable to respond to the stimulation of a second action potential, a phenomenon referred to as the refractory period. What is the mechanistic basis for the refractory period?Which of the following combinations of spatial summation of postsynaptic potentials (PSP) would result in an action potential in a typical neuron? The voltage given for each PSP is measured as it reaches the axon hillock. Axon A EPSP 25 mV & axon B IPSP 10 mV Axon A IPSP 25 mV & axon B EPSP 10 mV Axon A IPSP 5 mV & axon B IPSP 5 mV Axon A EPSP 5 mV & axon B EPSP 5 mVAn action potential can only be propagated along a myelinated axon. True or False?
- Which of the following are the likely explanations for the failure of a postsynaptic neuron to trigger an action potential? Select all that apply. The EPSPs are neutralized by the neurotransmitter The summation of IPSPs and EPSPs is insufficient to depolarize the cell to threshold The synapses generating the EPSPs are too close to the axon hillock The synapses generating the EPSPs are too far from the axon hillockWhich of the following describe(s) the difference(s) between an EPSP and an IPSP? Select all that apply. An EPSP is actively reproduced as it travels along the axon, whereas an IPSP is a graded potential that decreases in strength with time and distance. An EPSP moves the cell closer to threshold, whereas an IPSP moves the cell away from threshold. An EPSP results from the movement of Cl- ions into the cell, whereas an IPSP results from movement of Na+ ions into the cell. An EPSP is a result of depolarization of the cell membrane, whereas an IPSP is a result of hyperpolarization of the membrane.If a graded receptor potential made the resting membrane potential of the axon more negative, you would expect: Subsequent action potentials to be reduced in their amplitude It to be easier for this axon to reach threshold voltage It to be more difficult for this axon to reach the threshold voltage Subsequent action potentials to be shorter in duration No change in the ability of this axon to reach threshold voltage
- Which of the following is/are true about action potentials? Select all correct asnwers. Group of answer choices always has the same amplitude (amount of depolarization) always has the same duration information is coded through the frequency of action potentials action potentials can sum togeWhat is the difference between an action potential and a synapse? (select all that apply) The action potential moves down the axon and a synapse is between neurons. The synapse travels long distances and the action potential can only travel short distances. The action potential starts at the dendrites and the synapse starts at the ахon. The action potential is always the same and the synaptic potentials vary. the action potential involves only the postsynaptic neuron, but the synapse involves both the pre- and post-synaptic neurons.Early in an action potential, the inside of the axon becomes less negatively charged relative to the outside, this is called. Polarization Depolarization Hyperpolarization Repolarization ---------------------------------- Neurotransmitters -gated (ligand gated) ions channels are important for ____, while voltage gated ion channels are important for ____ Communication between neurons; communication within neurons communication within neurons; Communication between neurons ------------------------------- In gross neuroanatomy we are interested in structures that are NOT visible to the naked eye. True or false.