Tobacco companies have often argued that they advertise to attract more existing smokers and not to persuade more people to smoke. Suppose there were just two cigarette manufacturers, Jones and Smith. Each can either advertise or not advertise. If neither advertises, they each capture 50 percent of the market and each earns $10 million. If they both advertise, they again split the market evenly, but each spends $2million on ads and so each earns just $8million (remember, advertising is not supposed to encourage more people to smoke). If one company advertises but the other does not, then the company that advertises attracts many of its rival's customers. As a result, the company that advertises earns $12 million and the company that does not earns just $6 million. Advertise Don't Advertise Smith: 8 Smith: 6 Advertise Jones: 8 Jones: 12 Jones Smith: 12 Smith: 10 Don't Advertise Jones: 6 Jones: 10 What is each firm's dominant strategy? Both firms' dominant strategy is to advertise. Both firms' dominant strategy is to not advertise. Smith's dominant strategy is to advertise and Jones's dominant strategy is to not advertise. Smith's dominant strategy is to not advertise and Jones's dominant strategy is to advertise.

Tobacco companies have often argued that they advertise to attract more existing smokers and not to persuade more people to smoke. Suppose there were just two cigarette manufacturers, Jones and Smith. Each can either advertise or not advertise. If neither advertises, they each capture 50 percent of the market and each earns $10 million. If they both advertise, they again split the market evenly, but each spends $2million on ads and so each earns just $8million (remember, advertising is not supposed to encourage more people to smoke). If one company advertises but the other does not, then the company that advertises attracts many of its rival's customers. As a result, the company that advertises earns $12 million and the company that does not earns just $6 million. Advertise Don't Advertise Smith: 8 Smith: 6 Advertise Jones: 8 Jones: 12 Jones Smith: 12 Smith: 10 Don't Advertise Jones: 6 Jones: 10 What is each firm's dominant strategy? Both firms' dominant strategy is to advertise. Both firms' dominant strategy is to not advertise. Smith's dominant strategy is to advertise and Jones's dominant strategy is to not advertise. Smith's dominant strategy is to not advertise and Jones's dominant strategy is to advertise.

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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Suppose that an oligopolistic is charging $21 per unit of output and selling 31 units each day. What is its daily total revenue? Also suppose that previously it had lowered its price from $21 to $19, rivals matched the price cut, and the firmâ€™s sales increased from 31 to 32 units. It also previously raised its price from $21 to $23, rivals ignored the price hike, and the firmâ€™s daily total revenue came in at $482. Which of the following is most logical to conclude? The firmâ€™s demand curve is (a) inelastic over the $21 to $23 price range, (b) elastic over the $19 to $21 price range, (c) a linear(straight) down sloping line, or (d) a curve with a kink in it?
At a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg’s was quoted as saying, “ . . . for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow’s hide.” Kellogg’s has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg’s and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $0 billion in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $8 billion.If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $43 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $4 billion. For what range of interest rates could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising?Instruction: Enter your response as a percentage rounded to the nearest whole number.i ≤ percent
At a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg’s was quoted as saying, “ . . . for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow’s hide.” Kellogg’s has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg’s and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $0 in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $12 billion. If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $52 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $4 billion. Under what conditions could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising?
Save Answer Consider two cigarette companies, PM Inc. and Brown Inc. If neither company advertises, the two companies spit the market and earn $60 million each. If they both advertise, they again split the market, but profits are lower by $20 million since each company must bear the cost of advertisirlg. Yet if one company advertises while the other does not, the one that advertises attracts customers from the other. In this case, the company that advertises earns $70 million while the company that does not advertise earns only $30 million. What will these two companies do if they behave as individual profit maximizers? Neither company will advertise, and PM Inc. earns $60. One company will advertise, the other will not. Brown Inc. earns $70. Both companies will advertise, and PM Inc. earns $40. Both companies will advertise, and PM Inc. earns $60.
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Rawlding is a manufacturer in the oligopolistically competitive market for footballs. Two other manufacturers, Spaldon and Wilke, compete with Rawlding for football consumers. Rawlding faces the demand curve for footballs depicted on the graph. Initially, Rawlding charges $30 per football, producing and selling 7 million footballs per year. PRICE (Dollars per ball) 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 O 7 8 FOOTBALLS (Millions of balls) 9 10 G As an oligopolist, Rawlding is a price maker. If Rawlding raises the price of its football from $30 to $32 per ball, the quantity of Rawlding footballs demanded by million footballs per year. If Rawlding reduces the price of its football from $30 to $28 per ball, the quantity of by million footballs per year. (Hint: Click on the points on the graph to see their coordinates.) footballs demanded If Rawlding raises the price of its football above $30, the kinked demand curve model suggests that Spaldon and Wilke will respond by The portion of Rawlding's…
Two firms produce identical products at zero cost, and theycompete by setting prices. If each firm charges a low price,then both firms earn profits of zero. If each firm charges ahigh price, then each firm earns profits of £30. If one firmcharges a high price and the other firm charges a low price,the firm that charges the lower price earns profits of £50, andthe firm charging the higher price earns profits of zero. (a) Which oligopoly model best describes this situation?(b) Write this game in normal form.(c) Suppose the game is infinitely repeated. Can theplayers sustain the "collusive outcome" as a Nashequilibrium if the interest rate is 50 percent? Explain. Please answer the a, b and c parts.
The graph below shows a demand curve for a firm operating in an oligopolistic market. Kinked Demand Price 100 90 80 70 MC 60 50 40 30 20 10 MR D 10 20 30 40 60 70 80 90 100 Quantity Compared to a price of $75, at a price of $60 demand is O relatively more elastic. O relatively more inelastic. O perfectly elastic. O perfectly inelastic.
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. OPEC, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, was founded in 1969. Their original objective was to form a cartel to increase the price that they receive for their oil exports. Create a prisoner’s dilemma type game for two large members of OPEC (e.g. Saudi Arabia and Indonesia). Create numbers, where payoffs are total annual oil export revenues for each of these two countries. Verbally explain how you got your numbers. Find the Nash equilibrium. Based on this model, what strategy is in the oil exporters’ best interest (Nash or otherwise)? How do they make it happen? Create another prisoner’s dilemmamodel for all of OPEC on one side, and all non OPEC oil exporting nations on the other side. Create numbers, where payoffs are total annual oil export revenues for each of the two sides. Verbally explain how you created your numbers. Also create your numbers applying the fact that OPEC’s total production capacity is greater than total non OPEC exports…