These types of proteins are responsible for all the following events during cell division: movement of "chromosomes" to poles, sliding of non-kinetochore microtubules pushing the two ends of the cell apart, and also the production of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. They are called _ _ (two words)
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These types of proteins are responsible for all the following events during cell division: movement of "chromosomes" to poles, sliding of non-kinetochore microtubules pushing the two ends of the cell apart, and also the production of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. They are called _ _ (two words)
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- Match the stage of mitosis with the following key events.The mitotic spindle is often described as a microtubule based cellular machine. The microtubules that constitute the mitotic spindle can be classified into three distinct types. What are the three types of spindle microtubules, and what is the function of each?The cell cycle control system is a cycling set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle. This is all controlled by growth factors. a) Identify the major checkpoints in a cell and its function. b)Explain the role of the growth factor.
- Cytokinesis, the process of cytoplasmic division, occurs shortly after the separated sister chromatids have neared the opposite spindle poles. How is the plane of cytokinesis determined?Describe the cell cycle using the following words: Interphase G1 G2 S phase M phase (mitosis) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis Apoptosis Check Points feedbackIn normally dividing cells, once chromosomes have been properly segregated via the steps of mitosis, the two resulting “daughter cells” separate. In animal cells (and other cell types without a cell wall) the contractile ring plays a crucial role in the process of cytokinesis. Exactly how the contractile ring is accurately positioned, so as to be located midway between the two poles (ends) of the dividing cell, is still not fully understood, although factors released from the mitotic spindle are thought to play a role.Regardless of the precise positioning mechanism, one key player in the assembly of the contractile ring is the GTP/GDP binding protein Rho. In its active form, Rho can stimulate the activity of the actin-binding protein formin and (via effects on the myosin regulatory light chain) that of myosin II. Given their respective roles, why might activation of formin and myosin II be beneficial as cells assemble a functional contractile ring structure?
- The cell cycle is highly regulated and involves many steps to ensure that a cell is ready to divide. For this reason, cells cycle between interphase and mitosis. Which of the following describes the consequence of a severe disruption of interphase in cells in healthy tissue? Disruption of interphase will have no effect on mitosis because they are two completely independent processes. Disruption of interphase will lead to a faster and more efficient mitotic cycle, which will result in increased cell division and tissue growth. Disruption of interphase will trigger the cell to switch to a mitotic phase and repeatedly divide, which will result in the massive proliferation of the cells and heightened tissue growth. Disruption of interphase will result in the cell being unable to synthesize proteins and organelles required to divide, which will result in the cell not passing key checkpoints and ceasing to divide.Which of the following is true with respect to cyclins and CDKs? A) CDKs promote progression of the cell cycle, cyclins function to inhibit progression of the cell cycle B) CDKs are the checkpoints in the cell cycle, and when bound to cyclins, they stop progression of the cell cycle C) CDKs will only work to promote progression of the cell cycle when complexed with their designated cyclins D) CDKs are rarely expressed during a cell's cycle, unless cyclins are present to act as transcription factors .Name the phases of the cell cycle. b) During which phases are the chromosomes and then the cytoplasm split, respectively? c) Describe one mechanism that is used to regulate the cell cycle.
- The assembly and function of the mitotic spindle depend on numerous microtubule-dependent motor proteins. In the mitotic spindle, these motor proteins generally operate at or near the ends of the microtubules. Four major types of motor proteins are:Even though cytokinesis is included with Mitosis, we generally consider it to be its own phase. Why? by the time cytokinesis occurs, the cell has already split by the time cytokinesis occurs, the cytoplasm has already split by the time cytokinesis occurs, the nucleus has already split by the time cytokinesis occurs, the cell has copied all of its chromosomesMatch the process with the correct phase of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, M). If the process occurs in M phase indicate subphase (ex. telophase). A) ___________________ The bipolar spindle forms from microtubules. B) ___________________ The nucleus breaks down. C) ___________________ Mitochondria are duplicated. D) ___________________Sister chromatids are formed. E) ___________________Extra cell membrane is synthesized by the smooth ER. F) ___________________DNA is compacted into chromatin.