The U.K. Office of Fair Trading has recently unveiled a plan that will offer immunity from prosecution to firms who blow the whistle on their co-cartel conspirators
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- The cartel of copper exporting countries is called COPEC. As part of an international trade agreement, the United States has agreed to buy all the copper that COPEC wants to sell to the United States at a constant price of $100 per tonne. COPEC also sells copper in Europe at a price of $150 per tonne. COPEC acts just like a monopolist; if it finds it is profit maximising to sell in the United States at $100 per tonne and simultaneously to sell in Europe for $150 a tonne, what is the price elasticity of demand of COPEC’s copper in the European market? Carefully explain all the steps in the derivation of the value of the elasticity including the underlying economic theory approach behind itThe cartel of copper exporting countries is called COPEC. As part of an international trade agreement, the United States has agreed to buy all the copper that COPEC wants to sell to the United States at a constant price of $100 per tonne. COPEC also sells copper in Europe at a price of $150 per tonne. COPEC acts just like a monopolist; if it finds it is profit maximising to sell in the United States at $100 per tonne and simultaneously to sell in Europe for $150 a tonne, what is the price elasticity of demand of COPEC’s copper in the European market?Imagine there are two companies, East Wafer and West Wafer, which produce silicon wafers, the base component in the microchips which constitute the brains of our computers. Below is the daily demand for silicon wafers Suppose, for simplicity, East Wafer and West Wafer have the same constant cost structure, so maximizing total revenue maximizes profit. If East Wafer and West Wafer are able to form a cartel and collude without cheating on each other, what will be the price of a silicon wafer? $40 $50 $60 $70
- Suppose that two identical firms produce widgets and that they are the only firms in the market. The average and marginal cost is €6 for each firm. Price is determined by the following demand curve: P = 30 – Q where Q = Q1 + Q2. Suppose the two firms combine together and form a cartel. The output produced by each firm in the cartel is (assuming that they split the cartel output equally between them) A. 6 B. 12 C. 8 D. 4 Two identical firms compete in a market to sell a homogenous good with the following inverse demand function: P = 600 – 3Q. Each firm produces at a constant marginal cost of €300 and there are no fixed costs. The price that each firm in the Cournot equilibrium will charge is A. 400 B. 500 C. 300 D. 450Breakdown of a cartel agreement Consider a town in which only two residents, Darnell and Eleanor, own wells that produce water safe for drinking. Darnell and Eleanor can pump and sell as much water as they want at no cost. For them, total revenue equals profit. The following table shows the town's demand schedule for water. (base to table 1) Suppose Darnell and Eleanor form a cartel and behave as a monopolist. The profit-maximizing price is $_____ per gallon, and the total output is _____ gallons. As part of their cartel agreement, Darnell and Eleanor agree to split production equally. Therefore, Darnell's profit is $_______, and Eleanor's profit is $______. Suppose that Darnell and Eleanor have been successfully operating as a cartel. They each charge the monopoly price and sell half of the monopoly quantity. Then one night before going to sleep, Darnell says to himself, "Eleanor and I aren't the best of friends anyway. If I increase my production to 45 gallons more than…The table shows a hypothetical demand schedule for monosodium glutamate (MSG). Ajinomoto holds 5050% of the market, Jiali holds 3030% of the market, and Quingdao holds 2020% of the market. Suppose the three firms agree to form a cartel to fix production of monosodium glutamate. Assume marginal cost equals zero, and the output is split equally across the firms. What quantity maximizes the cartel's profit? Price of MSG ($ per pound) Quantity of MSG demanded (millions of pounds) $8$8 00 $7$7 2020 $6$6 3030 $5$5 4040 $4$4 6060 $3$3 9090 $2$2 110110 $1$1 180180 $0$0 300300 million pounds million pounds Suppose Ajinomoto's marginal cost remains equal to zero, but for Jiali and Quingdao, marginal costs rise above zero. How would this affect the incentive of Ajinomoto to act noncooperatively and change its output? Ajinomoto will not have an incentive to change its output. Ajinomoto will have an incentive to increase its output of MSG.…
- A certain rural village has numerous small farms which raise livestock. There are two large and equally sized landowners, Jimmy and Bob, which produce hay for the farmers’ animals. Below is the daily village demand for hay Suppose, for simplicity, that Jimmy and Bob have the same constant cost structure, so maximizing total revenue maximizes profit. If Jimmy and Bob initially form a cartel, but subsequently succumb to the temptation to cheat on each other, what will be the Nash equilibrium? Jimmy and Bob will each earn a daily profit of $625. Jimmy will earn a daily profit of $700 and Bob will earn a daily profit of $500. Bob will earn a daily profit of $700 and Jimmy will earn a daily profit of $500. Jimmy and Bob will each earn a daily profit of $525.A film called The 33 tells the story of 33 coal miners in Chile who were trapped inside a collapsed coal mine for more than two months. While trapped inside the mine, the miners agreed that if they ever got out alive, they would sell their story as a group, and that none of them would tell their stories individually. In essence, they formed a cartel, agreeing to sell just one big story for a lot of money rather than each miner selling his own individual story. As it turned out, they did get out alive and they did stick to their agreement. None of the miners sold his story individually. That is, the “cartel” formed by these trapped coal miners worked; nobody cheated. Explain why this cartel, unlike almost all others, was successful. This is not a research question; you don’t have to have the factually correct answer to earn full credit on this question. Rather, a full-credit answer will explain the conditions under which a cartel will be successful and then indicate the specifics of…Why has the OPEC oil cartel succeeded in raising prices substantially while the CIPEC copper cartel has not? What conditions are necessary for successful cartelization?
- Many European governments are reluctant to allow online betting in an attempt to protect their national gambling businesses. A recent study found that seven countries out of the 27 in the European Union banned online gambling. Of the other 20 only 13 have opened their markets to competition; in the rest gambling is dominated by monopolies owned or licensed by the government. In the Netherlands, for example, residents can only place online bets with a state monopoly: De Lotto. The Ministry of Justice even warned banks in the country that they could be prosecuted if they transferred money to online gambling companies. Other countries have ordered online betting companies to block access to their sites. Their governments argue that this is to protect people from gambling excessively. However the revenue they gain from their own monopolies should not be ignored as a possible motive. Questions If governments believe that gambling is bad for their citizens then in economic terms how would…In the United States cartels areThe table shows a hypothetical demand schedule for monosodium glutamate (MSG). Ajinomoto holds 50% of the market, Jiali holds 30% of the market, and Quingdao holds 20% of the market. Suppose the three firms agree to form a cartel to fix production of monosodium glutamate. Assume marginal cost equals zero, and the output is split equally across the firms. What quantity maximizes the cartel's profit? Price of MSG ($ per pound) Quantity of MSG demanded (millions of pounds) $8 0 $7 20 $6 30 $5 40 $4 60 $3 90 $2 110 $1 180 $0 300 __________million pounds
