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The similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of many vertebrates is an example of what?
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- Which of the following is true as the presence of bones is similarly found both in the baleen whale and in the extinct whale?A human forearm, a horse's front leg, a bat's wing, and a porpoise's flipper have similar bone structure. What conclusions can we draw from the similarities in bone structure between these mammals? a. Such homologies do not exist in other areas of the vertebrate skeleton. b. Similarities among vertebrate forelimbs suggest they evolved from a common ancestor. c. Similarities among vertebrate forelimbs suggest they have evolved convergently. d. The anatomy of the vertebrate forelimb is not currently undergoing natural selection. e. Differences among vertebrate forelimbs suggest that they evolved independently.Mammals have a particularly good sense of earing thanks to their inner ear which includes three tiny bones. Reptiles, in contrast, have a single inner ear bone. The lower jaw of reptiles is composed of multiple bones while the lower jaw of mammals is a single bone. Fossil and developmental evidence indicate that the inner ear bones of mammals evolved from lower jawbones. This suggests that the inner ear bones of mammals are Mammal skull, including ear bones eardrum Reptile skull, including ear bone eardrum Oa transitional trait a vestigial structure a living fossil an exaptation an analogy MacBook Air DII DD F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 FV 23 24 % & 3 4. 6 7 8 U D F G H J K ~の * 00 O OO
- Sharks are cartilaginous fish. That is, the bulk of their skeleton is composed of cartilage instead of calcified bone. Their jaw however, is calcified, and is often the only preserved part of their body. Examine the shark jaw in the photo, and deduce the overall symmetry of the organism based on the jaw. Bilateral Pentameral Asymmetrical RadialWhat skeletal structures behind the mandibular arch in the dogfish appear to be homologous with the mandibular arch? What features of the dogfish appear to be homologous with the spiracle? What supportive function does the hyomandibular have in the dogfish? Fig 13.2 Basic skeletal structures of the head of a small shark known as a dogfish.Suppose archaeologists discover human skeletal remains in Ethiopia. Examination of the bones suggests that the remains represent four individuals. Two of the skeletons have a broad pubic bone and a pelvis with a wide pubic arch. Within the two groups defined by pelvic differences, smaller skeletons have bones with evidence of epiphyseal plates, but larger bones have only a thin line where the epiphyseal plates should be. Give the age group and sex of the four individuals in the find.
- Sharks are cartilaginous fish. That is, the bulk of their skeleton is composed of cartilage instead of calcified bone. Their jaw however, is calcified, and is often the only preserved part of their body. Examine the shark jaw in the photo, and deduce the overall symmetry of the organism based on the jaw.The fused region of the ilium, ischium, and pelvic bones in a bird is called the:Are there any major differences between extant apes skulls and old world monkey skulls? Take into account their anatomy, structure, and dentition.
- Whereas some of the skeletal transitions to bipedality appear to be isolated adaptations, others clearly occurred in tandem. A good example is the reorganization of the pelvic girdle as it correlates to a change in the vertebral column. For this question, explain one way in which a change in the former facilitated a change in the latter. How did this change in the shape of the vertebral column aid in bipedal locomotion/posture? (100-150 wds.)Describe three important differences between the skeletons of the crayfish and the pig.The australopiths differed from the common chimpanzee in: a the number of different kinds of teeth on each side of each jaw. b the spacing of the orbits (eye-sockets) on the face. c the inability to rotate the arm around the shoulder joint. d the shape of the pelvis. e the lack of an opposable thumb. Which of the following skeletal parts would be most useful for determining whether a 4-million-year-old species was a hominin (vs. an ape)? a the clavicle (collarbone) b the part of the skull that shows the spacing between the orbits c the proximal (shoulder) end of the humerus (upper arm bone) d the distal (knee) end of the femur (thigh bone) e a lower left jaw with two incisors, one canine, two premolars, and three molars By 3 million years ago, the australopithecines were: a extinct in Africa but common in Southeast Asia b common in East and South Africa c adapting to cold glacial climates in…