The protein fragments ABS1 and ABS2 of tropomodulin were produced as fusion proteins with chitin binding domain and purified by a chitin column. Explain the principles of this type of affinity chromatography and support it with a self‐drawn figure. This is with regards to Tropomodulin/ F-Actin complex.
Q: In a reaction system, the concentrations of Enzyme-Substrate complex [ES], free enzyme [E] and free…
A: An indicator of the degree to which two molecules are bound together, the equilibrium association…
Q: TPCK is a molecule with large hydrophobic groups. Why does TPCK inactivate chymotrypsin but not…
A: Proteases are enzymes responsible for cleaving peptide bonds. Chymotrypsin and trypsin are both…
Q: The fungus Aspergillus giganteus degrades wood using the ribonuclease a-Sarcin. Of the molecules…
A: The ribonuclease α-Sarcin is used by the fungus Aspergillus giganteus to decompose wood. By…
Q: Questions 1) Determine the single letter code 40 amino acid sequence of the venom peptide by…
A: Chymotrypsin (endopeptidase) hydrolyzes peptide bonds on the C-terminus of a peptide bond of an…
Q: For this oligonucleotide, • Classify if RNA or DNA? Justify your choice. • Determine the sequence…
A: An oligonucleotide is a short sequence of nucleotides that is often made up of bases from DNA or…
Q: An enzyme catalyzes a reaction with a Km of 6.50 mM and a V of 4.45 mMs. Calculate the reaction…
A: The Michaelis-Menten equation to calculate the reaction velocity of enzymatic catalytic reaction is…
Q: Solve the Michaelis-Menten equation for KM when vo=Vmax/2. What does this tell you about the…
A: Enzymes catalyse biochemical reactions by lowering their activation energy.Enzymes have their…
Q: What is it about alpha helices and beta sheets that would make the coils less flexible?
A: The structure of proteins is a fascinating realm of biology and chemistry. Within the hierarchy of…
Q: Suppose the concentration of glucose inside a cell is 0.5 mM and the cell is suspended in a glucose…
A: Details
Q: Many enzyme mechanisms involve transferring protons. Sidechains of an enzyme can act as catalytic…
A: Described in the image is the reaction catalysed by triosephosphate isomerase. In an electron…
Q: If the half-life for the decomposition of a drug is 4 hours, how long will it take for 225 mg of the…
A: In order to solve this problem, first we need to calculate the decay constant (). The half life…
Q: The following plot (percent of O2 bound versus [02]) shows three possible curves (A, B, C). In this…
A: The association between the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and the percentage of hemoglobin…
Q: Enzymes increase the rate of biochemical reactions by which process? A) donating electrons to…
A: Enzymes are biological molecules that act as catalysts in living organisms. They speed up…
Q: hat is the stoichiometry of the synthesis of ribose 5-phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate without the…
A: 5 Glucose 6-phosphate + 1 ATP --> 6 ribose 5-phosphate + 1 ADP + 1 H+This reaction is a part of…
Q: Dextrose 5% in water solution is an example of hypertonic solution. True False?
A: Hypertonic solution is defined as the solution that contains high concentration of solutes than the…
Q: Which of the following molecules is amphipathic? Select all that apply. Select all that apply A…
A: Molecules that have a polar region and non-polar region within the same molecule. The polar region…
Q: What kind of ion exchange resin would be most effective for purifying RNA molecules, an anion…
A: The purification of RNA molecules is a critical step in many molecular biology and biotechnology…
Q: Which type of motifs/folds are found in the protein shown below O Colled-coil O EF Hand O Horseshoe…
A: The final products of the expression, "the proteins" attain higher folding confirmation of…
Q: complete the sentence In the Sanger method, the nitrogen from the tripeptide (give the name of the…
A: Sanger's reagent is used for sequencing of proteins. It is called as 1-fluoro-2,4 di Nitro benzene.…
Q: Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the conversion of ... O A) oxaloacetate to citrate B) glucose to…
A: The process of breaking down glucose to generate energy is known as glycolysis. It produces two…
Q: Suppose the molecule in the drawing area below were treated with Benedict's reagent. Edit the…
A: There are four types of biological macromolecules- proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and…
Q: Give the Steps, Enzyme/s involved, Electron carriers, ATP Generation, End product and significance…
A: Aerobic respiration is a collection of three metabolic pathways that generate ATP by the oxidation…
Q: A gel filtration column was calibrated by measuring elution volumes for two proteins of known mass:…
A: The established amounts of the elution volumes for the two proteins with determined masses can be…
Q: For a Michaelis-Menten enzyme, k1 = 5.2 ⅹ 108 M-1 s -1 , k-1 = 3.1 ⅹ 104 s -1 , and k2 = 3.4 ⅹ 105 s…
A: The initial Michaelis-Menten (MM) assumption that got postulated was that of rapid equilibrium. In…
Q: After completing your analysis of the different bacterial methyltransferases at MethylTranspharmiX,…
A: Enzyme kinetics constitutes the scientific exploration of the intricate mechanisms underlying how…
Q: Label blood types O and B with the correct monosaccharides. The defining monosaccharide is noted by…
A: AB blood typing gives rise to 4 main types of blood groups, which are A, B, AB and O. There are 3…
Q: Draw a generic dipeptide, and write out the mechanism describing its cleavage catalyzed by a serine…
A: Serine proteases are protein cleaving enzymes that have Serine, Histidine and Aspartate (the…
Q: Consider an a-helix secondary structure. a. Propose a 12-residue amino acid sequence that(assuming…
A: In the study of protein structures, the alpha-helix is a prominent secondary structure characterized…
Q: I need to know the answer to this question. I can't seem to get the right answer to this optional…
A: Hydrolysis is the breaking of a bond using a water molecule. Dehydration synthesis is the formation…
Q: What is the process of beta oxidation
A: Beta-oxidation is a metabolic process that occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is responsible…
Q: Previously Protein A and 5mM of ligand X were combined in a neutral solution and 36% of Protein A…
A: In this scenario, we are comparing how Protein A interacts with ligand X under two different…
Q: Which sketches represent the action of an enzyme? Check none of them if none of them do. For that…
A: Enzyme is a catalyst present in living organism which is responsible for alteration of speed of a…
Q: Are the given reactions examples of general acid/base catalysis, covalent catalysis, catalysis by…
A: Enzymes catalyze reactions using various types of mechanisms. Some of the most observed mechanisms…
Q: Q6: The answer bank for each is: (Pick one that fits best for each) - lyase - transferase - ligase -…
A: Enzymes are biocatalysts that speed up the chemical reactions.We have been given chemical…
Q: Н H₂N-C-COOH CH2 CH2 CH₂ M OW Oc
A: Amino acids are chemical molecules that combine to produce proteins and are hence known as building…
Q: Many biochemists go bananas, and justifiably, when they see a Michaelis-Menten plot like the one…
A: For a one-substrate enzyme catalyzed reaction, the Michaelis-Menton equation shows the quantitative…
Q: In lab 4, you calculated cholesterol levels of a sample directly based on the absorbance ratio of…
A: In laboratory experiments involving the quantification of cholesterol levels, precise and reliable…
Q: Which is the best explanation of why kinesin doesn't bind covalently to its structural protein…
A: Kinesins are motor proteins responsible for transporting cellular cargo along microtubules within…
Q: For the reaction glutamate (aq) + oxaloacetate2- (aq) a-ketoglutarate²- (aq) + aspartate- (aq) the…
A: When temperature and pressure are held constant, the amount of work that can be done in a…
Q: Substrate concentration, [S], has units of micromolar, µM. Enzyme velocity, V₁, has units of…
A: For a one-substrate enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the Michaelis-Menton equation shows the quantitative…
Q: The hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to orthophosphate drives biosynthetic reactions such as DNA…
A: Enzymes are proteinaceous entities involved in chemical reactions contributing to the precedence of…
Q: Suppose that you are working with an enzyme that has an ionizable active site residue with a pk of…
A: First let's name the curves as shown below, so that we can identify each of them using these…
Q: complete the sentence. In the Sanger method, the carbon atom of the reagent fluorodinitrobenzene…
A: The Sanger reagent (1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene) is used to determine the N-terminal amino acid in…
Q: calculate the pI for tripeptide R-H-D
A: The pH of a solution at which a protein's net charge equals zero is called the isoelectric point…
Q: The reaction coordinate diagram shown below is for the mitochondrial enzyme ATP synthase. KJ/mol ATP…
A: A reaction coordination graph is a graphical representation of the free energy changes that occur…
Q: The change in Gibbs free energy under biochemical standard-state conditions is represented by AG°'.…
A: Details
Q: 19. Draw all 20 of the genetically encoded amino acids at (a) pH = 1; (b) pH = 1; (c) pH = 12.…
A: Amino acids are organic compounds that form the building blocks of proteins in cells. The structure…
Q: Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and water to produce carbonic acid.…
A: The major components of enzyme catalyzed reactions are substrate(s), enzyme(s) and product(s). A…
Q: Glucose oxidase [S] (glucose, mM) 0.1 5 7 8 15 20 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 7.5 35 45 55 60 80 90…
A: Enzymology relies on the fundamental idea of Michaelis-Menten kinetics. It covers the interactions…
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
-
The protein fragments ABS1 and ABS2 of tropomodulin were produced as fusion proteins with chitin binding domain and purified by a chitin column. Explain the principles of this type of affinity chromatography and support it with a self‐drawn figure. This is with regards to Tropomodulin/ F-Actin complex.
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 1 images
- A variety of organic chelating ligands have been synthesized to tightly coordinate radioactive metal cations to identify and treat malig- nancies by coupling the metal complex to a polypeptide linker attached to a monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to a cell surface re- ceptor. One such metal complex is illustrated in the diagram on the right. The radioactive Cu-64 cation is tightly coordinated by the che- lating ligand that is, in turn, conjugated to a peptide linker attached to a monoclonal antibody. (The antibody is not shown in this diagram.) When coupled to a specifically designed monoclonal antibody, the complex binds specifically to somatostatin receptors that are ex- pressed on the surface of neuroendocrine tumors. Subsequently the entire complex with the receptor is internalized, i.e., passed into the cytoplasm, where the radioactive metal cation kills the malignant cell. 1. CH3 HN NHNH HN NHNH HN Но НО NH HN S-S HN Но NH NH HN -NH HN- H2N OH NH ) Write the three…You are studying the uptake of L-leucine by epithelial cells of the mouse intestine. Measurements of the rates of uptake of L-leucine and severalof its analogs, with and without Na+ in the assay buffer, yield the results given in the table below. What can you conclude about the properties and mechanism of the leucine transporter? Would you expect L-leucine uptake to be inhibited by ouabain?In an experimental motile fibroblast cell line, Nucleation Promoting Factor (NPF) was mutated in such a way that it no longer could bind to the G-actin monomers. Which of the following would you observe in these cells as a consequence of the mutation at the molecular level? None of the other is true. The cell will not be able to form branching of the actins using Arp2/3 complex at the leading edge and causing movement arrest The filamin protein will not be recruited for crosslinking the actins and will cause the arrest of movement. The Arp2/3 and filamin will not be able to dissociate from actin in the absence of NPF and the cells will be restricted to move in one direction only
- CTP synthetase catalyzes the glutamine-dependent conversion of UTP to CTP. The enzyme is allosterically inhibited by the product, CTP. Mammalian cells defective in this allosteric inhibition are found to have a complex phenotype: They require thymidine in the growth medium, they have unbalanced nucleotide pools, and they have an elevated spontaneous mutation rate. Explain the likely basis for these observations.Which of the following correctly describes the regulation and activity of HIF-1? Group of answer choices VHL is required for preventing degradation of HIF-1alpha and promoting translocation to the nucleus In normoxia, HIF-1alpha is ubquitinated and degraded in the proteasome Hypoxic conditions result in increase hydroxylation of prolines in HIF-1alpha The primary function of HIF-1 is to phosphorylate and activate glycolytic enzymesThe steroid progesterone has an important role in the female reproductive system. Researchers interested in studying membrane progestin receptors (MPRS) developed a method to produce and purify the protein in active form. First, the researchers devised a way to prepare a specific MPR known as hMPRA using the machinery of yeast cells. In order to facilitate purification and identification in later studies, they manipulated the yeast cells so that they attached two different tags to the C-terminal end of the protein. The first tag, Compound 1, is a peptide sequence that acts as an epitope, part of a much larger peptide sequence that is recognized by the immune system. The second sequence consisted of six consecutive histidine residues (His). This sequence binds tightly to Ni2+ cations. In chromatography, (His), tag labeled proteins can be eluted from Ni²+. supported columns by adding a small molecule to the eluent that mimics the side chain of histidine.…
- The steroid progesterone has an important role in the female reproductive system. Researchers interested in studying membrane progestin receptors (MPRs) developed a method to produce and purify the protein in active form. First, the researchers devised a way to prepare a specific MPR known as hMPRA using the machinery of yeast cells. In order to facilitate purification and identification in later studies, they manipulated the yeast cells so that they attached two different tags to the C-terminal end of the protein. The first tag, Compound 1, is a peptide sequence that acts as an epitope, part of a much larger peptide sequence that is recognized by the immune system. The second sequence consisted of six consecutive histidine residues (His). This sequence binds tightly to Ni2+ cations. In chromatography, (His), tag labeled proteins can be eluted from Ni²+- supported columns by adding a small molecule to the eluent that mimics the side chain of histidine. After preparing hMPRA, the…The distal Histidine (His 64) in myoglobin is subjected to three different mutations, this is one of them: H64N. (Histidine to Aparagine) For the mutation, draw a theoretical binding curve and CO relative to the O2 and CO binding curves for wild-type Mb (see example below). Provide a clear rationale for the binding curve.b. Compounds A, B, C, and D are known to be intermediates in the pathway for production of protein E. To determine where the block in protein-E production occurred in each individual, the various intermediates were given to each individuals cel Is in culture. After a few weeks of growth with the intermediate, the cells were assayed for the production of protein E. The results for each individuals cells are given in the following table. A plus sign means that protein E was produced after the cells were given the intermediate listed at the top of the column. A minus sign means that the cells still could not produce protein E even after being exposed to the intermediate at the top of the column. Denote the point in the pathway in which each individual is blocked.
- a. Compounds A, B, C, and D are known to be intermediates in the pathway for production of protein E. To determine where the block in protein-E production occurred in each individual, the various intermediates were given to each individuals cel Is in culture. After a few weeks of growth with the intermediate, the cells were assayed for the production of protein E. The results for each individuals cells are given in the following table. A plus sign means that protein E was produced after the cells were given the intermediate listed at the top of the column. A minus sign means that the cells still could not produce protein E even after being exposed to the intermediate at the top of the column. Draw the pathway leading to the production of protein E.One form of anemia results when individuals have a deficiency in the enzyme phosphatidylinositol glycan A (PIGA). This enzyme is required for the membrane attachment of proteins anchored by glycolipids to the plasma membrane, using what is called a ‘GPI-linkage.’ Included in the group of GPI-linked cell surface proteins is DAF/CD55. These individuals become anemic because: DAF/CD55 prevents the lysis of red blood cells by infecting pathogens. DAF/CD55 normally prevents the spleen from clearing healthy red blood cells from the circulation. In the absence of PIGA, the red blood cell membrane is bare of proteins allowing increased access of complement activating proteins to attach to the cell membrane. DAF/CD55 is a complement inhibitory protein that inactivates any C3 convertase that may form on host cell surfaces. In the absence of PIGA, red blood cells are unable to synthesize high levels of hemoglobin.Compounds A, B, C, and D are known to be intermediates in the pathway for production of protein E. To determine where the block in protein-E production occurred in each individual, the various intermediates were given to each individual’s cell in culture. After a few weeks of growth with the intermediate, the cells were assayed for the production of protein E. The results for each individual’s cells are given in the following table. A plus sign means that the protein E was produced after the cells were given the intermediate listed at the top of the column. A minus sign means that the cells still could not produce protein E even after being exposed to the intermediate at the top of the column. a) If an individual who is homozygous for the mutation found in individual 2 and heterozygous for the mutation found in individual 4 mates with an individual who is homozygous for the mutation found in individual 4 and heterozygous for the mutation found in individual 2, what could the…