THE INFORMATION REFERS TO QUESTIONS 1 - 3: A researcher wanted to test whether being in a humorous state helps withstand stress. For this purpose conducted an experiment.He randomly modeled 90 first-year psychology students and randomly divided them into three groups Equal size. Everyone was asked to hold their hand in very cold water (at the same cold level), which are In a bucket, for as long as they can. The number of seconds the participant held his hand in the water was a measure of ability Its resistance to pressure. The bucket had a sensor that automatically measured the time. The first group watched At the same time in a funny sketch of the third "What's Related" (hereinafter 'The Humor Group'), the second group Watched a short episode of a suspenseful TV series (hereinafter 'The Tension Group'), and the third group watched In a serious lecture on a theoretical topic (hereinafter 'the serious group'). The following illustration describes the average time Holding the hand in cold water by group. Assume that all differences were found to be significant. 1. a. What is the theoretical independent variable? What is the observational independent variable and what are they Its values? b. What is the theoretical dependent variable? What is the observational dependent variable and what are its values? c. Describe the research set-up in a schematic way and write in words what the various signs express. d. Indicate the average cold water holding in each group. e. Assume for the purposes of this section only that the temperature in the room where the experiment was conducted was 32 degrees For the humor group, 24 degrees for the suspense group and 19 degrees for the serious group. Is in this fact Is there any threat to the attack? If so, what force is involved and what threat? Explanation in terms of control over Variations. h. The researcher regularly held the subjects' occupation (all students). 1. Is this a variable related to the characteristics of the subject or a procedure variable? 2. Will holding this variable as a constant affect the internal validity, the validity of the conclusion Statistical and on the validity of the structure? If so, explain how, and if not, explain why not. refer For each attack individually. 2. Researcher B claims that because there were subjects in the humor group who held their hand in the frozen water only 8 And 9 seconds, and in the serious group also subjects who held their hand in the frozen water for 12 and 13 seconds, The study lacks internal validity. a. What difference does researcher B (randomly or systematically)? Briefly explain? b. What variability is expressed in threats to internal validity (accidental or systematic)? Explain briefly. c. Is Investigator B right? explain. 3. Researcher B further claims that what created the differences between the groups was not the humor but the differences in degree.The interest created by the film. The fact that the subjects of the serious group were dull made them less so Resist the pressure than the humor group subjects. a. Is this an artifact or a confounding claim? explain. b. In light of the findings, it can be said that even if researcher B is right, his claim does not constitute a full explanation To the findings of the study. explanation.
THE INFORMATION REFERS TO QUESTIONS 1 - 3:
A researcher wanted to test whether being in a humorous state helps withstand stress. For this purpose conducted an experiment.He randomly modeled 90 first-year psychology students and randomly divided them into three groups Equal size. Everyone was asked to hold their hand in very cold water (at the same cold level), which are
In a bucket, for as long as they can. The number of seconds the participant held his hand in the water was a measure of ability Its resistance to pressure. The bucket had a sensor that automatically measured the time. The first group watched At the same time in a funny sketch of the third "What's Related" (hereinafter 'The Humor Group'), the second group Watched a short episode of a suspenseful TV series (hereinafter 'The Tension Group'), and the third group watched In a serious lecture on a theoretical topic (hereinafter 'the serious group'). The following illustration describes the average time Holding the hand in cold water by group. Assume that all differences were found to be significant.
1. a. What is the theoretical independent variable? What is the observational independent variable and what are they Its values?
b. What is the theoretical dependent variable? What is the observational dependent variable and what are its values?
c. Describe the research set-up in a schematic way and write in words what the various signs express.
d. Indicate the average cold water holding in each group.
e. Assume for the purposes of this section only that the temperature in the room where the experiment was conducted was 32 degrees
For the humor group, 24 degrees for the suspense group and 19 degrees for the serious group. Is in this fact
Is there any threat to the attack? If so, what force is involved and what threat? Explanation in terms of control over
Variations.
h. The researcher regularly held the subjects' occupation (all students).
1. Is this a variable related to the characteristics of the subject or a procedure variable?
2. Will holding this variable as a constant affect the internal validity, the validity of the conclusion
Statistical and on the validity of the structure? If so, explain how, and if not, explain why not. refer
For each attack individually.
2. Researcher B claims that because there were subjects in the humor group who held their hand in the frozen water only 8 And 9 seconds, and in the serious group also subjects who held their hand in the frozen water for 12 and 13 seconds, The study lacks internal validity.
a. What difference does researcher B (randomly or systematically)? Briefly explain?
b. What variability is expressed in threats to internal validity (accidental or systematic)? Explain briefly.
c. Is Investigator B right? explain.
3. Researcher B further claims that what created the differences between the groups was not the humor but the differences in degree.The interest created by the film. The fact that the subjects of the serious group were dull made them less so Resist the pressure than the humor group subjects.
a. Is this an artifact or a confounding claim? explain.
b. In light of the findings, it can be said that even if researcher B is right, his claim does not constitute a full explanation To the findings of the study. explanation.
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