The HIV Virus The virus particle is spherical in shape. Its structure consists of multiple enclosed layers, like the skin of an onion. It is considerably smaller than human cells. At the center of a virus particle are two copies of its genetic material. HIV encodes its 9 genes using the nucleic acid molecule RNA (by comparison, our cells use DNA for this capacity). At the core of the virus particle are also proteins important for the replication of the virus (reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease, ribonuclease). The RNAs and proteins are wrapped in a protein coat (called the capsid) made of the protein p24. The capsid in turn is wrapped in a double layer of phospholipids. Finally, there are proteins that stick out of the lipid layer, such as gp120 (sometimes called Env). This latter protein gives HIV its specificity: gp120 interacts with specific proteins found only on certain human cells (like a lock and key mechanism), allowing the HIV virus to infect specific cell types. "Resistance Is Futile ... or Is It?" by Annie Prud'homme-Généreux ALWE ing www. B WWW.S amman MAMER WEL wwwwwwww gp120 Lipid layer Capsid (p24 protein) RNA Proteins (Reverse Transcriptase Integrase Ribonuclease Protease) Page 1
The HIV Virus The virus particle is spherical in shape. Its structure consists of multiple enclosed layers, like the skin of an onion. It is considerably smaller than human cells. At the center of a virus particle are two copies of its genetic material. HIV encodes its 9 genes using the nucleic acid molecule RNA (by comparison, our cells use DNA for this capacity). At the core of the virus particle are also proteins important for the replication of the virus (reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease, ribonuclease). The RNAs and proteins are wrapped in a protein coat (called the capsid) made of the protein p24. The capsid in turn is wrapped in a double layer of phospholipids. Finally, there are proteins that stick out of the lipid layer, such as gp120 (sometimes called Env). This latter protein gives HIV its specificity: gp120 interacts with specific proteins found only on certain human cells (like a lock and key mechanism), allowing the HIV virus to infect specific cell types. "Resistance Is Futile ... or Is It?" by Annie Prud'homme-Généreux ALWE ing www. B WWW.S amman MAMER WEL wwwwwwww gp120 Lipid layer Capsid (p24 protein) RNA Proteins (Reverse Transcriptase Integrase Ribonuclease Protease) Page 1
Chapter7: Drug Sources, Schedules, And Dosages
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 23RQ
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Can i get a help answering this question:
- The case study tells you that the HIV virus exits the cell by budding, but how can you tell that just based on the structure of the HIV virus?
(see attached for the case study)
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against HIV (Paxton et al., 1996).
To this end, you must first review a few facts about the HIV virus, the immune system, and HIV infection.
The HIV Virus
The virus particle is spherical in shape. Its structure
consists of multiple enclosed layers, like the
skin of an onion. It is considerably smaller than
human cells. At the center of a virus particle are
two copies of its genetic material. HIV encodes
its 9 genes using the nucleic acid molecule
RNA (by comparison, our cells use DNA for
this capacity). At the core of the virus particle
are also proteins important for the replication
of the virus (reverse transcriptase, integrase,
protease, ribonuclease). The RNAs and proteins
are wrapped in a protein coat (called the capsid)
made of the protein p24. The capsid in turn
is wrapped in a double layer of phospholipids.
Finally, there are proteins that stick out of the
lipid layer, such as gp120 (sometimes called
Env). This latter protein gives HIV its specificity: gp120 interacts with specific proteins found only on certain
human cells (like a lock and key mechanism), allowing the HIV virus to infect specific cell types.
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Lipid layer
Capsid
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RNA
Proteins
(Reverse
Transcriptase,
Integrase,
Ribonuclease,
Protease)
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