The figure at right illustrates the relationship between body fluid osmotic concentration and environment osmotic concentration for several aquatic animals. In seawater (ambient osmotic pressure = 1000 mOsm), the shrimp is best described as... A. A hypo-ionic regulator B. A hyperosmotic conformer C. A hypo-osmotic regulator D. A euryhaline conformer E. None of the above Blood osmotic pressure (mOsm) 1500 1000- 500 0 Green crab, Mussel Shrimp 500 1000 Ambient osmotic pressure (mOsm) 1500

The figure at right illustrates the relationship between body fluid osmotic concentration and environment osmotic concentration for several aquatic animals. In seawater (ambient osmotic pressure = 1000 mOsm), the shrimp is best described as... A. A hypo-ionic regulator B. A hyperosmotic conformer C. A hypo-osmotic regulator D. A euryhaline conformer E. None of the above Blood osmotic pressure (mOsm) 1500 1000- 500 0 Green crab, Mussel Shrimp 500 1000 Ambient osmotic pressure (mOsm) 1500

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter3: The Plasma Membrane And Membrane Potential

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7UC: Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Here is a chloride cell in the gill epithelium of a fish. For reference, NKA = Na+/K+ ATPaseNKCC = Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter. CFTR allows for movement of Cl- from inside the cell out into the water down a concentration gradient. Which of the following would be true of CFTR? A. It is a primary active transporter. B. It is a symporter. C. It is a secondary active transporter. D. It is a channel that allows for facilitated diffusion.
ABC transporters are: a. An example of active transport with activity in multi-drug resistance. b. An example of passive-mediated transport with activity in multi-drug resistance. c. An example of an ion channel that binds ATP for effective transport. d. An example of a pump involved in Ca2+ transport. e. An example of an antiporter.
Ion transporters are “linked” together—not physi-cally, but as a consequence of their actions. For example,cells can raise their intracellular pH, when it becomes tooacidic, by exchanging external Na+ for internal H+, usinga Na+–H+ antiporter. The change in internal Na+ is thenredressed using the Na+-K+ pump.A. Can these two transporters, operating together,normalize both the H+ and the Na+ concentrations insidethe cell?B. Does the linked action of these two pumps causeimbalances in either the K+ concentration or the mem-brane potential? Why or why not?
The salt content within the cytosol of marine mammals is lower than the water that they consume from their environment. To maintain their salt concentration relative to their en- vironment, marine mammals rely on reticulate kidneys that have multiple lobes and allow for salt to be collected and excreted. How does the higher surface area of reticulate kidneys help marine mammals maintain their cellular salt-water concentration? A The higher surface area allows for a higher concentration of protein channels through which the salt can be actively transported. B с D The higher surface area increases the volume of the kidney cells and allows for more ef- ficient transport of the salt across them. The higher surface area reduces the amount of ATP that is required for the removal of salt by allowing the salt to be removed via facilitated diffusion. The higher surface area increases the concentration gradient of salt and allows it to eas- ily diffuse through their cell membrane.
The antibiotic valinomycin is an ionophore that forms a specific complex with potassium ion. Because the complex is lipophilic and can diffuse into the membrane, valinomycin brings about the transport of K+ through the inner membrane. Valinomycin acts by decreasing the ∆ψ (membrane potential) component of the pmf, without a direct effect on the pH gradient. Another antibiotic, nigericin, acts as a K+ >H+ antiporter; itcarries H+ in one direction, coupled with the reverse transport of K+. Thus,nigericin dissipates the pH component of the pmf, with little effect on ∆c.Which antibiotic, nigericin or valinomycin, do you predict would have thegreater effect on oxidative phosphorylation when administered to respiring mitochondria? Assume the antibiotics are added to a suspension of mitochondria in equimolar amounts. Briefly explain your reasoning.
Describe the contribution of each of the following to establishing and maintaining membrane potential: (a) the Na+K+ pump, (b) passive movement of K+ across the membrane, (c) passive movement of Na+ across the membrane, and (d) the large intracellular anions.
The contraction of cardiac muscle cells results from the increase in Ca?+ levels in the cytosol. For these cells to relax, an antiport removes Ca?+ from the cytosol for every Nat that is taken in. Digitalis is a drug that is used to make the heart contract more strongly. This drug partially inhibits the Na*-K* ATPase in the cardiac cells. Applying the concepts from membrane transport, answer the following: a. Propose an explanation for the drug's effect. b. What will likely happen if too much of the drug is taken in? Why do you say so?
Here is a chloride cell in the gill epithelium of a fish. For reference, NKA = Na+/K+ ATPaseNKCC = Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter. The NKCC (Na+ K+ Cl- cotransporter) moves Cl- into the cell against its concentration gradient. What type of transport does NKCC carry out?A. passive diffusionB. facilitated diffusionC. secondary active transportD. primary active transport
SNAT2 (a membrane protein) determines the cell’s content of most amino acids. It acts as a symport (or co-transporter) of Na+ and amino acids. On the outside of the cell, the Na+ concentration is higher than the inside. The amino acid concentration on the inside of the cell is higher than the outside. When both Na+ and an amino acid bind to the SNAT2 membrane channel on the outside of the cell, there is a conformational change allowing the energy from electrochemical gradient of Na+ for the transport of the amino acid into the cell. a. Draw this scenario and label your representations of Na+, amino acids, SNAT2, and the membrane. b. What kind of transport is this, simple diffusion, facilitated, diffusion, active transport, 1o active transport, or 2o active transport? Explain your choice. Thanks
Item14 Item 14 Coupled transport that involves the moving of one substance against its concentration gradient by using energy from a second substance moving down its concentration gradient is known as Multiple Choice a. primary active transport. b. receptor-mediated endocytosis. c. bulk transport. d. sympathetic exocytosis. e. secondary active transport. Item15 Item 15 Physiological saline contains the same concentration of solutes as the inside of a cell, and it is therefore a(n) __________ solution. Fill in the blank Item16 Item 16 Channel-mediated diffusion is a subtype of Multiple Choice a. simple diffusion. b. carrier-mediated diffusion. c. active transport. d. facilitated diffusion. e. endocytosis.
The parasite Trypanosoma brucei, which causes sleeping sickness, uses proline as an energy source during one stage of its life cycle. The properties of this proline-specific transporter were investigated in a series of experiments. L-hydroxyproline inhibited the transporter. D-proline did not inhibit the transporter. Na*, K*, and pH changes did not affect the transporter. Which of the following is a reasonable hypothesis based on this data? The proline transporter is a Na+-K+ ion pump. The proline transporter cleaves amide bonds. The proline transporter is stereospecific. The proline transporter requires metal-ion catalysis. The proline transporter has an essential ionizable histidine residue,
Here is a chloride cell in the gill epithelium of a fish. For reference, NKA = Na+/K+ ATPaseNKCC = Na+/K+/Cl- cotransporter. (image 1) The same proteins have been identified in shark rectal gland, marine birds and reptiles (salt glands in nostrils), marine fishes (chloride cells in their gills) and mammals that transport salt in their kidneys. (image 2) When biologists were testing the mechanism of salt excretion in sharks, they used a chemical called ouabain to inhibit the Na+/K+ ATPase to see if there was an effect. Which result would you expect to see with ouabain treatment? A. A decrease in Cl- in the epithelial cells. B. An increase in ADP in the epithelial cells. C. An increase in K+ in the epithelial cells. D. A decrease in Na+ in the epithelial cells.