Suppose the current administration decides to increase government expenditures as a means of fighting the COVID-19 crisis. What will be the effect on the real interest rate, the inflation rate, and the output level if the central bank decides to stabilize the inflation rate?
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Suppose the current administration decides to increase government expenditures as a means of fighting the COVID-19 crisis. What will be the effect on the real interest rate, the inflation rate, and the output level if the central bank decides to stabilize the inflation rate?
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- Suppose the current inflation rate is a constant 7% and the central bank implements a disinflation policy to reduce it to its target rate of 3%. To achieve this objective the central bank, by increasing its cash rate, raise the nominal interest rate from its current 9% to 14%. In the long run, at which the central bank achieves its inflation target, what will be the nominal rate of interest, the real rate of interest and the inflation rate?Suppose the current administration decides to increase government expenditures as a means of fighting the COVID-19 crisis. Using a graph of aggregate demand and supply, show the effects of such a decision on the economy in the short run. Describe the effects on inflation and output. What will be the effect on the real interest rate, the inflation rate, and the output level if the central bank decides to stabilize the inflation rate?Explain how a sustained increase in the growth rate of the money supply (gM↑) at a particular time (t*) can lead first to the liquidity effect, then to the nominal income effect, and finally to the inflation expectations effect. Also, explain how the interest rate changes in response to each of these effects.
- Suppose the public expects a 7 percent inflation rate, while the Federal Reserve unexpectedly allows the money growth rate to be 4 percent. In the short run, we expect that investment spending by firms will and consumer durable spending will 000 decrease; decrease increase; increase decrease; increase increase; decreaseb. Suppose a country has a money demand function (M/P)d= kỲ, where k is a constant parameter. The money supply grows by 12 percent per year, and real income grows by 4 percent per year. What is the average inflation rate?Real Interest Rate, r (percent) F G K Inflation Rate, (percent) 10. Referring to the graph above, a movement from point F to point G might represent A. H to I B. K to G C. G to J D. I to H E. K to F A. the automatic response of monetary policy to an increase in the inflation rate B. the increase in the inflation rate that occurs when the real interest rate rises C. an autonomous tightening of monetary policy D. any of the above E. none of the above 11. On the graph above, which pair of points best represents the impacts in the U. S. of autonomous easing of monetary policy at the Onset of the 2007-2013 Financial Crisis? 12. The IS curve is Y = 30 - 2r, and the aggregate demand curve is Y = 18 - T. Then, the monetary policy curve is
- Suppose the interest rate that banks in Techland charge one another for overnight loans is 5 percent, the long-term nominal interest rate is 4.5 percent, and the long-term expected inflation rate is 3 percent. What is the long-term expected real interest rate? How will the long-term expected real interest rate be affected if the central bank of Techland starts purchasing government bonds from banks?Research suggests that macroeconomic factors can explain the dynamics of interest rates in the economy. Suppose we are interested in understanding whether inflation plays a role in explaining interest rates. Fitting a line between the current nominal interest rate i and current inflation we obtain: i = 0.041 -0.147 What is the expected level of interest rates when inflation is at the level of 4%?Considering the impacts of expected inflation, how might the purchasing power of consumers be affected in the short term?
- The money supply of a country has been growing for many years causing expected inflation of 8% per year. The economy’s current GDP growth rate is 1%. The Central Bank’s full employment target GDP growth rate is 5%. The “real” interest rate, r, is 4%. Following a policy that targets only inflation, with speed of adjustments ay =0 and aπ = 0.5, where 6% is the new target inflation rate what should their target nominal interest rate be set at?Economists sometimes argue that moderate inflation may help the economy by making wages in labor markets more ["", "", ""] . The discussion in the text pointed out that wages tend to be sticky in their downward movements and that unemployment can result. A little inflation could nibble away at ["", ""] wages, and thus help real wages to ["", ""] if necessary. In this way, even if a moderate or high rate of inflation may act as sand in the gears of the economy, perhaps a low rate of inflation serves as oil for the gears of the labor market. This argument is controversial. A full analysis would have to account for all the effects of inflation. It does, however, offer another reason to believe that, all things considered, very low rates of inflation may not be especially harmful.Suppose a country has a money demand function (M/P)ª = kY, where k is a constant parameter. The money supply grows by 12 percent per year, and real income grows by 4 percent per year. a. What is the average inflation rate? b. How would inflation be different if real income growth were higher? Explain. c. How do you interpret the parameter k? What is its relationship to the velocity of money? d. Suppose, instead of a constant money demand function, the velocity of money in this economy was growing steadily because of financial innovation. How would that affect the inflation rate? Explain.
