Suppose end system A wants to send a large file to end system B. At a very high level, describe how end system A creates packets from the file. When one of these packets arrives to a router, what information in the packet does the router use to determine the link onto which the packet is forwarded? Why is packet switching in the Internet analogous to driving from one city to another and asking directions along the way?

Suppose end system A wants to send a large file to end system B. At a very high level, describe how end system A creates packets from the file. When one of these packets arrives to a router, what information in the packet does the router use to determine the link onto which the packet is forwarded? Why is packet switching in the Internet analogous to driving from one city to another and asking directions along the way?

A+ Guide To It Technical Support

10th Edition

ISBN:9780357108291

Author:ANDREWS, Jean.

Publisher:ANDREWS, Jean.

Chapter8: Network Infrastructure And Troubleshooting

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TC

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Suppose end system A wants to send a large file to end system B. At a very high level, describe how end system A creates packets from the file. When one of these packets arrives to a router, what information in the packet does the router use to determine the link onto which the packet is forwarded? Why is packet switching in the Internet analogous to driving from one city to another and asking directions along the way?
Suppose end system A wants to send a large file to end system B. At a very high level, describe how end system A creates packets from the file. When one of these packets arrives to a packet switch, what information in the packet does the switch use to determine the link onto which the packet is forwarded? Why is packet switching in the Internet analogous to driving from one city to another and asking directions along the way?
A packet switch receives a packet and determines the outbound link to which the packet should be forwarded. When the packet arrives, one other packet is halfway done being transmitted on this outbound link and four other packets are waiting to be transmitted. Packets are transmitted in order of arrival. Suppose all packets are 1,200 bytes and the link rate is 2 Mbps. What is the queuing delay for the packet? More generally, what is the queuing delay when all packets have length L, the transmission rate is R, x bits of the currently-being-transmitted packet have been transmitted, and n packets are already in the queue?
It is theoretically feasible for two hosts to communicate with one another by sending packets back and forth over the same connection. Please enumerate all of the components that are responsible for the overall amount of time required to process a single packet, starting to end. Is it to be anticipated that one of the delays will continue for a certain amount of time, while the duration of the other delay will be more unpredictable?
1. What is the difference between packet fragmentation (i.e., at network layer) and frame frag- mentation (i.e., at link layer) in terms of purpose? 2. Suppose that host A is connected to a router R1, R1 is connected to another router, R2, and R2 is connected to host B. Suppose that a TCP message that contains 800 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP header is passed to the IP function at host A for delivery to B. Show the Total length, DF, MF, and Fragment offset fields of the IP header in each packet transmitted over the three links. (Assume that link A-R1 can support a maximum frame size of 1024 bytes including a 14-byte frame header, link R1-R2 can support a maximum frame size of 512 bytes, including an 8-byte frame header, and link R2-B can support a maximum frame size of 432 bytes including a 12-byte frame header.) (*hint: the Fragment offset field is denominated by 8-bytes, not bytes) 3. What is the purpose of the path MTU discovery process (see textbook Figure 5-42) and why does…
A link between two hosts may carry many packets at once. Please give a timetable outlining all the tasks that must be completed to complete one shipment. Is it believed that one delay will take a fixed length of time while the other delay's duration may be modified as needed?
Suppose host A is sending a large file to host B over a TCP connection. The two end hosts are 10 msec apart (20 msec RTT) connected by a 1 Gbps link. Assume that they are using a packet size of 1000 bytes to transmit the file. For simplicity, ignore ack packets. At least how big would the window size (in packets) have to be for the channel utilization to be greater than 80%?
A connection between two hosts is capable of carrying several packets at the same time. I would appreciate it if you could provide a schedule that details all of the activities that need to be completed in order to finish one shipment. Is it anticipated that one delay would last for a certain amount of time, whilst the other delay's length may be adjusted according to the circumstances?
R6Fragmentation of an IP datagram takes place if its size is larger than the MTU of the subnet over which the datagram will be routed. Most IP datagram reassembly algorithms have a timer to avoid having a lost fragment tie up reassembly buffers forever. Suppose a datagram is fragmented into four fragments. The first three fragments arrive, but the last one is delayed. Eventually the timer goes off and the three fragments in the receiver's memory are discarded. A little later, the last fragment stumbles in. What should be done with it?
Suppose a computer sends a frame to another computer on a bus topology LAN. The physical destination address of the frame is corrupted during the transmission. What happens to the frame? How can the sender be informed about the situation? Suppose a computer sends a packet at the network layer to another computer somewhere in the Internet. The logical destination address of the packet is cor- rupted. What happens to the packet? How can the source computer be informed of the situation?
DNS makes use of UDP rather than TCP. If a DNS packet is dropped, there is no way to recover automatically. Is this a problem, and if so, how does one go about resolving it?
A connection between two hosts may support the transmission of several packets. Detailed instructions for completing a single shipment would be much appreciated. Is it assumed that one of the delays would take a fixed period of time and the other delay's length will vary with circumstances?