Suppose Congress decides to reduce the budget deficit by cutting government spending. a. Use the Keynesian-cross model to illustrate graphically the impact of a reduction in government purchases on the equilibrium level of income. Be sure to label: i) the axes; ii) the curves; iii) the initial equilibrium values; iv) the direction the curve shifts; and v) the terminal equilibrium values. b. Explain what happens to equilibrium income as a result of the cut in government spending.
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Suppose Congress decides to reduce the budget deficit by cutting government spending.
a. Use the Keynesian-cross model to illustrate graphically the impact of a reduction in
government purchases on the equilibrium level of income. Be sure to label: i) the axes;
ii) the curves; iii) the initial equilibrium values; iv) the direction the curve shifts; and
v) the terminal equilibrium values.
b. Explain what happens to equilibrium income as a result of the cut in government
spending.
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- Suppose policymakers decide to reduce the budget deficit by cutting government spending. Use the Keynesian Cross model to illustrate graphically the impact of a reduction in government purchases on the equilibrium level of income. Be sure to label: (a) the axes, (b) the curves, (c) the initial equilibrium values, (d) the direction the curve shifts, and (e) the final equilibrium values. Explain in words what happens to equilibrium income as a result of the cut in government spending. (100 words max)Consider two standard Keynesian models. In Model 1, there are two types of consumers, Type A,who have low marginal propensities to consume, and Type B, who have high marginalpropensities to consume. In Model 2, there are only Type A consumers. Then, a decrease in theexogenous taxes would lead to higher output in Model 2 than in Model 1A. Suppose you are given the following fixed-price Keynesian model: C=280 + 0.9Y. I-200 G=100 X3D200 M= 100 + 0.1Y. T= 100 a. Find the aggregate expenditure function. b. Find the equilibrium level of real GDP. C. What is the spending multiolier in this model? Tax multiplier? d. Show that leakages injections at equilibrium. e. If taxes increase by $100, what is the new equilibrium level of GDP? E. Show your answers to b) and e) graphically.
- Suppose the marginal propensity to consume is 0.6. Use the Keynesian Cross model to predict the impact on equilibrium income of each of the following policies. State the direction of the change and give a formula for the size of the impact. a. an increase in government purchases of $100billion b. an increase in taxes of $100 billion c. a $100 billion increase in both government purchases and taxes?Exercise 1 a) Use the equation for the circular flow of the real economy to give an overview of thedemand side components and tie players in the macroeconomy to each of thesecomponents.b) How can you use the equation for the circular flow to discuss the effect of fiscal policyand monetary policy?c) As a follow up from part b), discuss the statement: “During the pandemic, expansionarymonetary policy did not boost the economy as expected”.d) For the following two cases, use the equation for the real interest rate to give anexample for each case using numbers for real interest rate, nominal interest rateand inflation. Explain each number you select.Case 1: A situation where it is a real cost if you borrow money.Case 2: A situation where it is a real gain if you borrow money.e) Let GDP (Gross Domestic Product) as a simplification, only be one good, apples. Find theGDP deflator if nominal GDP = 100 and real GDP = 20 and explain these three numbersusing apples as an example.f) As a follow up…What is supply-side or "trickle-down" economics? Why do Keynesians reject supply-side economics? Does the history of the marginal income tax structure in the U.S. support or challenge the idea of tickle down economics?
- In a simple model without government spending or taxation, if C = a +bY where C is consumer spending and Y is GDP which of the following statements are correct? (Note that the algebra is deliberately written differently from the lecture notes to test your understanding!) Note that some of these questions require you to have read relevant sections of Core Unit 13. Select one or more: O a. a is known as the marginal propensity to consume Ob.a is the level of consumption when Y is zero c. b is known as the marginal propensity to consume O d. b is known as the average propensity to consume Oe. The consumption function implies that if GDP is zero, consumption is zero O f. If there is an increase in consumers who engage in "consumption smoothing", this will cause an increase in a and a decrease in b g. If there are more credit-constrained consumers in the economy, this will cause the marginal propensity to consume, to fall O h. If consumption-smoothing consumers become more optimistic about…In a keynesian model it is assumed that the consumption function is given by C= 2000 + 0.75 (Y-T) and the planned investment is 1,000 government purchases and taxes are both of those and formulate and draw a graph of planned expenditure as a function of income What is the equilibrium level in the part above If the government purchases increased by 1250 what is the equilibrium income With the aid of a algebra prove that a balanced budget multiplier is always equals to 1In the Keynesian cross, assume that the consumption function is given byC = 200 + 0.75 (Y - T). Planned investment is 100; government purchasesand taxes are both 100.a. Graph planned expenditure as a function ofincome.b. What is the equilibrium level of income?c. If government purchases increase to 125, whatis the new equilibrium income?d. What level of government purchases is neededto achieve an income of 1,600?
- What is meant by dynamic inconsistency? Give at least two examples of policies that are dynamically inconsistent.The effect of the Keynesian multiplier on changes in equilibrium output arising from changes in autonomous spending is overstated when ignoring the IS-MP model because... a. it does not account for the fact that prices such as interest rates are unresponsive to variations in output. b. it assumes that investment always equals savings in equilibrium c. it does not account for the effects that increased demand might have on interest rates and how such changes in the interest rate might affect quantity demand for goods and services, d. it assumes that asset markets are always in equilibrium. pls solve asapin a closed economy with no government, where aggregate demand is determinedby autonomous consumption, investment (which is independent of output), and themarginal propensity to consume.a) Given that autonomous consumption is 20, investment is also 20, and the marginalpropensity to consume is 0.6, write out an equation for aggregate demand (AD) in thiseconomy. b) Given this aggregate demand equation, and the equilibrium equation Y = AD, usealgebra to find the equilibrium level of Y. c) Draw a diagram with output (Y) on the x-axis and aggregate demand (AD) on the yaxis. Draw two lines on this diagram: (i) Y = AD, and (ii) the aggregate demandfunction from part (a). Label the intercept of the AD line, and the point where the twolines intersect, with numerical values. (3 marks)d) Suppose that the marginal propensity to consume falls from 0.6 to 0.5. What wouldthe new equilibrium level of Y be? Illustrate your answer in the diagram you drew forpart (c). (2 marks)e) Calculate the value of…