Suppose a TCP Vegas connection measures the RTT of its first packet and sets BaseRTT to that, but then a network link failure occurs and all subsequent traffic is routed via an alternative path with twice the RTT. How will TCP Vegas respond? What will happen to the value of Congestion Window? Assume no actual timeouts occur, and that 3 is much smaller than the initial Expected Rate.
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- Suppose two TCP connections share a path through a router R. The router's queue size is six segments; each connection has a stable congestion window of three segments. No congestion control is used by these connections. A third TCP connection now is attempted, also through R. The third connection does not use congestion control either. Describe a scenario in which, for at least a while, the third connection gets none of the available bandwidth. and the first two connections proceed with 50% each. Does it matter if the third connection uses slow start? How does full congestion avoidance on the part of the first two connections help solve this? 10:33 am Type a message Dorcon 1 tahir reAssume that when establishing a TCP connection, the threshold for the Congestion Window (cwnd) is 1& segments. The congestion control algorithm is TCP Reno. In the oth round, a time out occurs.The ACK packets are then received correctly until the 1 Pth round. In this round, a triple duplicate ack occurs. Then until the 1Sth round, the ack packets are received correctly. Show these steps by plotting (the vertical axis is the congestion window capacity (cwnd) and the horizontal axis is the round number). Also specify the threshold value change each time it occurs. Graph the chart in any software you want and upload the fileASAP
- Consider one TCP connection on a path with a bottleneck link with capacity L. We have a file of size F(assume F is a very large file size). If TCP segment size is B bytes, the two-way propagation delay is tp and connection is always in congestion avoidance phase, find the following: A. Maximum window size that TCP can achieve B. Average window size and average throughput in this TCP connection C. Time it will take from connection establishment to reaching the maximum window size.Each active interface of Distance vector gets frequent transmissions of the whole routing table that Distance vector maintains. The link status protocol broadcasts information about the state of a router's own connections to all other routers in the network. Each statement has two ideal examples that show how the Link state and the Distance vector may be utilized in a number of circumstances.Defeating TCP congestion-control mechanisms usually requires explicit cooperation of the sender. However, consider the receiving end of a large data transfer using a TCP modified to ACK packets that have not yet arrived. It may do this either because not all of the data is necessary or because data that is lost can be recovered in a separate transfer later. What effect does this receiver behavior have on the congestion control properties of the session? Can you devise a way to modify TCP to avoid the possibility of senders being taken advantage of in this manner?
- 14. A TCP connection with a flow control window of 50 packets uses slow start with a minimum congestion window of 1 with ss thresh-40. How many RTTS are required to send 25 packets (with sequence number 1 through 25), assuming packets with sequence number 6 and 7 are lost and retransmitted. No other packets are lost.Host A is sending an enormous file to Host B over a TCP connection. Over this connection there is never any packet loss and the timers never expire. Denote the transmission rate of the link connecting Host A to the Internet by R bps. Suppose that the process in Host A is capable of sending data into its TCP socket at a rate S bps, where S=10•R. Further suppose that the TCP receive buffer is large enough to hold the entire file, and the send buffer can hold only one percent of the file. What would prevent the process in Host A from continuously passing data to its TCP socket at rate S bps? TCP flow control? TCP congestion control? Or something else? Elaborate.Through a TCP link Host A transmitting a big file to host B. There is never any packet loss over this link, and timers never expire. R bps denotes the bit rate of the connection connecting Host A to the Internet. Assume that the process running on Host A is capable of transmitting data into its TCP socket at a rate of S bytes per second, where S equals 10 - R. Additionally, suppose the TCP receive buffer is wide enough to contain the whole file and the transmit buffer may only hold 1% of it. What will prohibit the mechanism in Host A from sending data to its TCP socket at a pace of S bps indefinitely? What is TCP flow control? Regulation of TCP congestion? Or is there another possibility? Articulate.
- Consider four Internet hosts, each with a TCP session. These four TCP sessions share a common bottleneck link - all packet loss on the end-to-end paths for these four sessions occurs at just this one link. The bottleneck link has a transmission rate of R. The round trip times, RTT, for all fours hosts to their destinations are approximately the same. No other sessions are currently using this link. The four sessions have been running for a long time. i) What is the approximate throughput of each of these four TCP sessions? Explain your answer briefly. ii) What is the approximate size of the TCP window at each of these hosts? Explain briefly how you arrived at this answer.Assume now that between A and B there is a switch S that uses store and forward. The distance from A to S is m meters and from S to B 2m meters. The link speed between A and S is R bps and between S and B R/2 bps. A has a supply of 6 packets to send to B using UDP. The switch buffer can accommodate 3 packets including the one being transmitted (until it finishes its transmission). Will there be packet losses at the switch buffer. Which packets (number packets 1, 2, 3, ...). Draw an annotated time-space diagram to illustrate this data transmission. (you should roughly respect the scales in your drawing).Consider sending a 3500-byte datagram that has arrived at a router R₁ that needs to be sent over a link that has an MTU size of 1000 bytes to R2. Then it has to traverse a link with an MTU of 600 bytes. Let the identification number of the original datagram be 465. How many fragments are delivered at the destination? Show the parameters associated with each of these fragments.