Stages of natural selection What is the order of stages in natural selection? 1) Genetic variation exists between individuals of a population. Individuals compete with each other for food, water and mates, and to avoid predators. Individuals with adaptive phenotypes compete better and are more likely to survive and reproduce, at the expense of... ..individuals with less adaptive phenotypes and fewer competitive characteristics, which die or reproduce less. 4 Genes for adaptive characteristics are more likely to be inherited. The number of individuals with the adaptive phenotype increases. SC00 boardworks -> 18 of 29 LJ

Stages of natural selection What is the order of stages in natural selection? 1) Genetic variation exists between individuals of a population. Individuals compete with each other for food, water and mates, and to avoid predators. Individuals with adaptive phenotypes compete better and are more likely to survive and reproduce, at the expense of... ..individuals with less adaptive phenotypes and fewer competitive characteristics, which die or reproduce less. 4 Genes for adaptive characteristics are more likely to be inherited. The number of individuals with the adaptive phenotype increases. SC00 boardworks -> 18 of 29 LJ

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Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter10: From Proteins To Phenotypes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 23QP

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#21 Answer the following questions about evolution. Number responses according to the questions (1-4). How can negative traits that don't show up until old age continue in populations? (Why aren't they eliminated through natural selection?) As part of answer, provide an example. Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If natural selection occurs in this population, what would someone expect to see if you returned in 100 mouse generations? Describe what someone see in terms of fur colors in the population. Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If mutations occur in this population, what could someone see if they returned in 100 mouse generations, that would tell them mutations had occurred? Describe what they would see in terms of fur colors in the population, and how it would be different from what they would see in #2. If dark skin helps protect…
#21 Answer the following questions about evolution. Number responses according to the questions (1-4). (short answers are fine) How can negative traits that don't show up until old age continue in populations? (Why aren't they eliminated through natural selection?) As part of answer, provide an example. Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If natural selection occurs in this population, what would someone expect to see if you returned in 100 mouse generations? Describe what someone see in terms of fur colors in the population. Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If mutations occur in this population, what could someone see if they returned in 100 mouse generations, that would tell them mutations had occurred? Describe what they would see in terms of fur colors in the population, and how it would be different from what they would see in #2. If…
Regardless of the rate of evolutionary change, the product of genetic alterations is ultimately tested by Natural Selection. Gradualism accounts for the constant yet slow linear modification of a population while punctuated equilibrium accounts for long periods of stasis followed by rapid divergence (multiple forms emerging). -First, in no more than two sentences, explain Natural Selection (use your own words).-Second, explain the dynamics of selection. If natural selection acts on individuals, how might itshift allele frequencies in a population?-Third, explain gradualism and punctuated equilibrium in terms of selection. When discussingpunctuated equilibrium, remember that selection is still active in times of stasis
What would happen if a mutation created a new allele that decreased fitness? * The new allele would have to change back to an allele of higher fitness so the possessor of that allele could maintain its fitness. The individual with the new allele would wait for an environmental change so that its fitness would increase again No answer The new allele would decrease the fitness of the individual that possessed it, and that individual would have few or no offspring The new allele would spread through the population and decrease the fitness of that population
Consider the roles of different types of selective pressure. Part A: Compare and contrast sexual selection, artificial selection, and natural selection. Part B: Give examples of traits that may be favored in sexual selection, artificial selection, and natural selection. For each, explain if the trait would be favored by one type of selection but selected against by another type of selection. BI 1000 MacBook Air O00 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 $ % & * 2 3 4 6.
Suppose there is a type of deleterious mutation in a particular human gene that causes death very late in life. Such mutations happen in about one in every million births, and can be passed on to descendants. Which statement about this allele is false? At equilibrium, the frequency of this allele will be zero. Selection against this mutation is weak compared to an allele that causes death at an earlier age. Medical advances that extend human lifespan will increase selection against this allele. Selection against this allele depends on the rate of extrinsic mortality.
When discussing natural selection and behaviour, we often say that members of a species have certain behavioural traits because those traits are adaptive, in the sense that they increase inclusive fitness relative to alternative forms of those traits that have existed in the past. Instead of emphasizing the adaptiveness of behavioural traits, some biologists describe natural selection as a process that operates on nervous system traits, increasing the prevalence within a population of particular patterns of neural circuitry and neurobiological mechanisms. As an alternative to emphasizing either the behaviour or the nervous system, some biologists describe natural selection as a process that operates on genes; according to this perspective, certain forms of certain genes (ie., particular alleles) increase in prevalence within a population relative to alternative forms of those genes. Which, if any, of these three perspectives on natural selection and behaviour do you think is the most…
Which of the following statements about the forces that drive evolution is TRUE? Unlike the other evolutionary forces, natural selection is the only force that improves the match between the organism and its environment. Unlike the other evolutionary forces, gene flow is the only force that causes populations to become more different. Unlike the other evolutionary forces, mutation is the only force that decreases genetic variability. Unlike the other evolutionary forces, nonrandom mating is the only force that changes allele frequency.
Which of the following BEST describes the theory of natural selection? Living organisms change over time. Each species produces many more offspring than can survive long enough to reproduce. The offspring that do survive contain genes that are inherited from the parents. There is variation among the members of a species. Some of this variation is genetically determined and so can be passed on to future generations. Some individuals have genes that increase their chances for survival and reproduction. These individuals are more likely to reproduce and pass on their genes, causing their genes to become more common in the next generation. There is a struggle for existence among the members of a population.
Remember that understanding is explanations more than facts. Definitions of phenotype, genotype, allele, gene, microevolution, macroevolution Know that in humans, most of the genetic variation is observed within populations, and know why that is. Know the 4 processes of evolution (3 neutral + natural selection) Know that evolution isn't progressive and doesn't necessarily lead to more complexity Know that evolution can lead to traits that decrease survival (ex: sexual selection) Know that quantitative traits are generally influenced by (i) many genes, each having a small effect on the trait value; and (ii) the environment What is F1 like when you cross 2 homozygotic lines of peas of different colors? What is F2 like when you cross F1 individuals (remember what 9:3:3:1 is about) Know what genetic dominance is about Definitions of chromosome, nucleus, mitosis, meiosis, crossing over How many chromosomes in humans? How many pairs of chromosomes? Know and apply Hardy-Weinberg's equation…
What causes variation among a population of living things and How can variation in one generation influence the next generation? Is the variation in a population will be examined as the “raw material” upon which natural selection acts. Why are there so many different kinds of living things? Comparing species that exist today reveals a lot about their relationships to one another and provides evidence of common origins. This session explores the theory of evolution: change in species over time.
In order for a trait to evolve via natural selection, which of the following must be true regarding the trait? (this is a multiple answer question - so select all correct) Group of answer choices There must be variation in the trait. The trait must make the organism survive longer than organisms with different traits. The trait must confer a reproductive advantage on the bearer of the trait. The trait must be heritable. The trait does not necessarily need to be passed down to offspring.